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| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. |
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| Interpreting ones new experiencde in terms of ones existing schemas. |
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| All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
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| The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. |
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| showed that children as young as 3 years old are able to use mental operations. |
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| Children can count, children stare longer at the wrong number of objects than the right ones. |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. |
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| concrete operational stage |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development( from about 6 to 7 or 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. |
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| people's ideas about their own and other's mental states- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors those might predict. |
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| in piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view. |
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| in piaget's theory, the stage( from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but doesn not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. |
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| the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. |
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| in piaget's theory, the stage( from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. |
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| adapting our current understandings( schemas) to incorporate new information. |
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| biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. |
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| decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. |
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| physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe areas, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions. |
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| post- conventional morality |
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| affirms people's agree-upon rights or follows personally percieved ethical principles. |
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| pre-conventional morality |
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| before age 9, children show morality to aviod punishment or gain reward. |
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| by early adolescence social rules and las are upheld for their own sake. |
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| sought to describe the development of moral reasoning by posing moral dilemmas to children and adolescents, such as " should a person steal medicine to save a loved ones life?" |
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| agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. |
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| the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception of birth |
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| the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through a second month. |
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| the fertilized egg; it enters a week period of rapid all division and develops into an embryo. |
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| a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. |
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| for some people in modern cultures, a period from late teens to early twenties bridging the gap between adolescent dependance and full independence and responsible adulthood. |
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| in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close loving relationships; a primary developmental taks in late adolescense and early adulthood. |
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| the "why" aspect of our self-concept |
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| the first menstrual period |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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| nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair |
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| primary sex characteristics |
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| the body structures( ovaries, testies) that make sexual reproduction possible. |
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| our understand and evaluation of who we are |
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| according to erik erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trust worthy. said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. |
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| the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life |
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| aqn optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. |
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| an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking clseness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
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| the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age. |
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| a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind. |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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| our accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and analogies test-increases up to old age. |
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| retesting the same people over a period of years |
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| our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when soliving novel logic problems- decreases slowly up |
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| definition of the right time to leave home, get a job, marry, have children, and retire |
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