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| Schedule of Reinforcement |
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Definition
| In relation to responses, a schedule of reinforcement is the arrangement of the environment in terms of discriminative stimuli and behavioral consequences. Mechner notation describes these behavioral contingencies. |
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| Schedule-controlled behavior that is stable and does not change over time. |
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| A notation system that describes the independent variables that produce operant behavior. It is a set of symbols for programming schedules of reinforcement arranged in the labratory. |
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| CRF - When each response produces reinforcement. |
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| After a period of reinforcement, the increase in behavioral variability or topography during extinction. |
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| A response-based schedule of reinforcement that is set to deliver reinforcement following a prescribed number of responses. The ratio specifies the number of responses for each reinforcer. |
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| Schedules of reinforcement based on the passage of time and one response after that time has elapsed. |
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| A response-based schedule of reinforcement that delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses have been made. |
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| A pattern of response seen on a cumulative record, that occasionally develops on fixed-interval schedules. There is a long post reinforcement pause followed by a brief burst of responses that result in reinforcement. |
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| Post- reinforcement Pause |
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| The pause in responding that occurs after reinforcement on some intermittent schedules |
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| The number of responses (ratio size) required and the magnitude of the reinforcer have both been shown to influence the post-reinforcement pause. Calling this pause a "post"reinforcement event accurately locates the pause but a "post" reinforcement event accurately locates the pause, but it is the ratio size that actually controls it. |
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| A response-based schedule of reinforcement in which the number of response required fro reinforcement changes after ache reinforcer. The average number of responses is used to index the schedule |
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| A schedule of reinforcement in which an operant is reinforced after a fixed amount of time has passed. |
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| The characteristic pattern of response seen on a cumulative record produced by a fixed-interval schedule. There is a pause after reinforcement then a few probe responses, and finally an increasingly accelerated rate of response to the moment of reinforcement. |
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| This assumption implies that the effects of contingencies of reinforcement extend over species, reinforcement and behavior. |
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| A schedule of reinforcement in which one response is reinforced after a variable amount of time has passed |
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| A contingency where the reinforcer is available for a set time after an interval schedule has timed out. Adding a limited hold to a variable -interval schedule increases the rate of responding by reinforcing short inter-response times. |
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| Progressive ratio schedule |
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| A schedule in which the number of responses (ratio) increases (or decreases) after reinforcement. |
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| The highest ratio value completed on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. |
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| Most of the applied research on progressive ratio schedules uses the giving -up point or breakpoint as a way of measuring reinforcement efficacy or |"effectiveness,| especially of drugs like cocaine. The breakpoint of a drug indicates how much operant behavior the drug will sustain at a given dose. If the break points for two drugs are different, we can say that the drug with the higher break point has greater reinforcement efficacy. |
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| The instability of behavior generated by a change in contingencies of reinforcement. After prolonged exposure to a new contingency performance will eventually stabilize. |
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| A disruption of responding that occurs when a ratio schedule is increased rapidly. If a change from continuous reinforcement to large fixed ratio reinforcement occurs the animal will show strain.; it will pause for longer and longer after reinforcement. This occurs because the time between successive reinforcements contributes to the post reinforcement pause. The pause gets longer as the interreinforcement interval increases. |
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| Interreinforcement interval |
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| The time between any two reinforcers. Research shows that the PRP is a function of IRI. As the time between reinforcements becomes longer, the PRP increases. |
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| Molecular accounts of behavior on schedules of reinforcement or punishment focus on small moment-to-moment relationships between behavior and its consequences |
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| Molar accounts of behavior on schedules of reinforcement or punishment are concerned with large-scale factors that regulate responding over a long period of time. |
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| The time between any two responses. The interresponse time may be treated as a conditioned property of operant behavior. |
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A fast burst of responding.
Ex. After the PRP on are FR schedule an organism will rapidly emit responses required by the ratio. |
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| An area of research that attempts to analyze schedule effects in terms of a few basic processes. If performances on schedules can be reduced to a small number of fundamental principles, then reasonable interpretations may be made about any particular arrangement of the environment. Also, it should be possible to predict more precisely behavior based on knowledge of the operating contingencies and the axioms that govern reinforcement schedules - cutting edge of aba - |
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