Term
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Definition
| a. Spearhead flutes that are oval in North America |
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Term
| what animals were missing compared to Eurasia and Africa? How did that impact the development of Amerindians? |
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Definition
a. Draft, pack, and riding animals were missing
b. The development of the wheel did not occur (used on plows, chariots, carts etc) |
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Term
| what are some of the plants that were domesticated? Were large mammals such as horses and cattle important to most Native American tribes? |
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Definition
a. Plants- wild bean, teosinte
b. Also squash, manioc, avocado, chili peppers, quinoa, yams, tomatoes, cotton, amaranth potatoes
c. Large animals- No, they didn’t have any of those |
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Term
| What was Caral-Supe? What is a quipu used for |
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Definition
a. Large civilization in Peru, Andes to the coast
b. Agriculture, fishing, trading networks, class system
c. This was a device of elaborate knotted ropes tied together in patterns that form a coded system of communication/ aka/ a writing system by means of knots used by Caral-Supe |
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Term
| 5. Where was the Chavin society located? What did they grow? What animal did they raise for labor and meat |
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Definition
a. Located- a valley high in the Andes Mountains on both banks of a tributary to the Maranon River
b. Grow- Corn, potatoes, quinoa
c. Animals- Llamas and alpacas |
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Term
| 6. Why was the development of corn important to the Native Americans? What plant is corn paired with to give a complete source of protein eliminating the need for animal proteins? |
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Definition
a. It’s versatility allowed it to be cultivated in any climate, turned foraging into agriculture
b. Compared with beans |
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Term
| Where did the Olmec settle? What food did they grow? Can we read their writing? |
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Definition
a. San Lorenzo, Gulf of Mexico- hot, humid, forested coastal lowlands
b. Corn lol
c. no |
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Term
| some historians/archaeologists believe that the Olmecs had contact with the old world, with whom and why do they thinks so? |
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Definition
| a. Africa- because of facial features on stone heads |
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Term
| what innovations in textiles did the Chavin make? |
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Definition
a. New techniques and materials though camel hair, textile painting, dying of camel hair, “resist” painting similar to modern day tie-dye
b. Also developed advanced soldering techniques |
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Term
| what were characteristics of the political structure of the hunter gather societies of North America like the Inuit? |
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Definition
a. Two of the hunter-gatherer bands had NO political structure
i. Inuit and great basin (nomadic Paiute and Shoshone)
b. Five limited-scale tribal societies sometimes became tribes with a political structure
i. Slide 34
c. Four full-scale tribal societies yes political structure
i. Plains- Cheyenne complex tribal structure: 44 chiefs by merit, organized buffalo hunts
ii. Prairie- Sioux idk
iii. Southeast- lots of war, caste system, powerful chiefs
iv. Eastern woodlands- complex political structure ugh
d. Three complex societies |
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Term
| What distinctive features did the people of Adena and Hopewell build for, we think, ceremonial purposes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the primary governmental and economic organization structure for the people of Polynesia? |
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Definition
| a. Kin-ship based system of exchange among the inhabitants of thousands of islands |
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Term
| what are the two patterns we see on common between the Americas and Oceania? What is different in the use of the wheel in American societies? |
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Definition
a. Human foraging communities independently began a process toward the development of agriculture and domestication of animals
b. Growth and sophistication of social structures and the development of the city and monumental architecture for religious and political purposes
c. Centralization and resistance behavior toward political things
d. DIFFERENCE WHEEL- need for utilizing heavy-wheel vehicles never occurred nor developed like it did in Eurasia and Africa |
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Term
| what were Thor Heyerdahl’s theories on populating Oceania? Do DNA studies confirm his theories? |
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Definition
a. East to west contacts possible by raft and trade winds/ ocean currents
b. Polynesian settles were Peruvian rather than Asian
c. At first DNA yes, but later sort of yes |
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