Term
| _______ wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that spread that kingship wasn't a divine right, that crowns weren't above reproach, and that perhaps the ordinary folk of America would be better off severing political ties with England |
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Definition
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| Patriot and brewer Samuel Adams suggested the formation of the ___________, a group assumbled to communicate grievances. The idea spread to other colonies and developed an idea of colonial politcal cooperation that was outside the frame of formal british government. |
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Definition
| Committee of Correspondence |
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Term
| The _________ offered substantial financial, material, and military support to the American rebels, not because they loved the idea of freedom and democracy, but because they really didn't like the english. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ was retaliatory legislation--laws passed as punishment-- in response to the Boston Tea Party. Among other things, it closed the port to Boston until all the tea got paid for |
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Definition
| Coercive Act (intolerable act) |
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Term
| The ____________ was the first new wave of legislation designed to pay off Great Britain's national debt from the _______. |
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Definition
| Sugar Act; Seven Years War (French-Indian War) |
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Term
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Definition
A young king (just 22 when he received the crown).
Also energetic, determined to rule; to play an active role, not just sit there and do nothing.
Clashed politically with the Parliament’s dominant group, the Whigs.
Had a string of chief ministers, but worked hard to run the show himself |
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Definition
Parliamentary Sovereignty: political idea that Parliament had absolute legislative authority over Great Britain and all its colonies.
Stated that Parliament automatically overruled any colonial political body.
Human nature: no one IN power wants to SHARE power.
No room for compromise, basically. No middle ground. You either have sovereignty or you don’t. |
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Definition
Still operating under (false?) assumptions that they’re protected under English law, inheritors to English traditions, and that each colony is a mini-England.
Had spent much of the eighteenth century acting just like all of that was completely true. England hadn’t objected.
Told that they were “virtually” represented in Parliament, because it was Parliament’s job to represent everyone…whether you voted for them or not. |
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Definition
Ideas coming from the American Enlightenment. Justifications coming from the Great Awakening...and spread through pamphlets.
John Locke, other great thinkers, spread ideas like God-given, inalienable, rights, and the necessity for the consent of the governed.
Power without virtue corrupts. |
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Term
| English military frustration |
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Definition
After French-Indian War, England has tremendous debt.
Soldiers stay in the American colonies, though. Supposedly to ensure peace with Native Indians.
Indian Rebellion, Paxton Boys, showed the troops not really doing their job.
Proclamation of 1763 didn’t seem to be working, either, for that matter! |
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Term
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Definition
-the American Revenue Act, the American Duties Act...
“…for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing…”
Larger trade in sugar and molasses (with all the new land, post-war), this chopped the tax in half but also started actually enforcing it.
Required detailed cargo manifests, had all violations tried in vice admiralty courts (not local colonial courts).
The Act itself also made it clear that the purpose of the law was to make money. Period.
Hit New England colonies the hardest, benefitted West Indies colonies. |
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Definition
Legally required American colonists to get a seal/stamp for ANY legal document, that things be printed on stamped paper (with revenue stamp).
Legal documents, magazines, newspapers, marriage licenses, court proceedings, lawyer licenses, land grants, cards, dice, pamphlets, etc.
Also, tax had to be paid with sterling.
Also, violations would be (again) tried in vice admiralty courts, not local colonial courts. |
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Definition
Colonists were often reluctant to give food and a place to stay to soldiers in peacetime.
In war, quarters in private dwellings had been seized.
Declared that Britain would house soldiers in barracks or pubs,
…or inns, stables, or the houses of people selling booze.
…or in uninhabited houses, barns, etc.
…and to be paid for by colonial authorities, of course. |
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Term
| Townshend (Revenue )Acts 1767 |
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Definition
Charles Townshend, Chancellor of Exchequer.
Several new Acts, all based around revenue and control.
Paper, paint, lead, glass, tea…all imports from England.
“External” taxes, so Townshend thought it would all be fine. (external=business pays the tax on it instead of buyer=higher prices for goods) |
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Term
| Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770 |
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Definition
In response to riots and other disruptions of trade and control, over 4,000 redcoats transferred to Boston.
Bostonians weren’t real happy about it. |
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Term
| Boston Tea Party, protest against the 1773 Tea Act |
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Definition
Ironically, Tea Act would have lowered prices in America.
Would have let East Indian Trading Company sell straight to Americans, cutting out middlemen. |
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Term
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Definition
Aka “The Coercive Acts”
1) Port of Boston closed until East India Company gets paid back
2) Massachusetts government is no longer elected, they’re appointed. Also, they’ll pretty much never meet.
3) Royal governors can see to it British officials are tried outside of the colonies.
4) Quartering Act, but meaner. |
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Term
| Committees of Correspondence |
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Definition
Initially started by Samuel Adams in response to Boston Massacre.
Caught on, copied elsewhere.
Essentially? A form of communication and government that existed outside of government control.
Evolved into First Continental Congress, September 5, 1774.
“Association” formed, agreeing to halt trade until Britain gets a better attitude. Inter-colonial trade agreement |
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Red:
Great Britain
England
The English
The Redcoats
Tories
“Loyalists”
The Empire
Blue:
Americans
Patriots
Rebels
Colonists
Continentals
Militiamen
Whigs
Minutemen |
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