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| The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism |
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| The energy releasing processes |
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| The Energy using processes |
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| Provides the building blocks and energy |
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| A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell |
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What determines metabolic pathways? |
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| Enzymes are encoded by what? |
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Theory that States that chemical reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide |
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| Type of energy needed to disrupt electronic configuration |
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The frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a reaction |
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*How can rate be increased? |
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Definition
1) by enzymes 2) increasing temperature or pressure |
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Term
What is a biological catalyst? |
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Definition
It is specific for a chemical reaction, not used up in that reaction* |
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Apoenzyme (protein porition, inactive) + Cofactor (non protein portion, activator) = |
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Definition
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| What are some important coenzymes? |
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Definition
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Oxidation reduction reactions |
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Definition
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| Transfer functional groups |
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Definition
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Definition
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Removal of atoms without hydrolysis |
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Definition
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| Joining of molecules and it uses ATP |
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Definition
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| How can enzymes be denatured? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is competitive inhibition? |
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Definition
When a competitive inhibitor binds to the active site where substrate normally binds to. |
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Term
| What is noncompetitve inhibition? |
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Definition
When the noncompetitive inhibitor binds to the allosteric site, it changes the shape of the active site not allowing the substrate to bind to it. |
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Term
| What is feedback inhibition? |
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Definition
| a cellular mechanism in which an enzyme speeds up the production of a substance in the cell is inhibited until it reaches the right amount. |
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Definition
| RNA that cuts and splits RNA |
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What is the redox reaction? |
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Definition
an oxidation reaction paired w/ a reduction reaction A + B --> A oxidized B reduced |
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Definition
Electrons associated with hydrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
By the phosphorylation of ADP chemiosmosis |
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Term
What 2 things break down carbohydrates to release energy? |
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Definition
kreb cycle Glycolysis electron transport chain
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Term
| The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces 2 things: |
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Definition
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Term
| During the preparatory stage, how many ATPs are used? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the preparatory stage, glucose is split |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 glucose 3 phosphate oxidize to become: |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATPs are produced during the energy-conserving stage, where 2 glucose 3 phosphate oxidize to 2 pyurivic acid |
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Definition
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Term
| glucose + 2 ATP + 2 ADP + 2 PO4- + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyurivic acid + 4 ATP + 2 nadh + 2H+ |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 2 alternative pathways to glycolysis? |
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Definition
1) pentose phosphate passage way 2) etner doudoroff pathway |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In what step does, The oxidation of acetyl CoA produces NADH and FADH2 |
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Definition
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Term
| A series of carrier molecules that are in turn oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain |
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Definition
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Term
Type of cellular process that requires NO OXYGEN, so there is no electron transport chain but it can still produce ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain that is not O2. Yields less energy than the other bc only part of the kreb cycles operations are under these conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Glycoclysis, intermediate step, kreb cycle, and ETC occur in Eukaryotic and Prokaryote? |
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Definition
Pathway Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Glycoliss Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Intermediate step Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Kreb cycle Mitochondrian matrix Cytoplasm ETC Mitochondrian inner Plasma membrane |
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Term
| How many ATPs are prduced in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATPS are made in Prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
Release energy from oxidation of organic molecules Does not require oxygen Does not use the kreb cycle or ETC* Uses an organic molecule as final electron receptor
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Term
Fermentation that produces ethyl alchohol |
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Definition
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Term
| Fermentation that produces lactic acid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces only lactic acid |
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Term
| Heterolactic fermentation |
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Definition
| Produces lactic acid and other compounds |
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Term
| Test used to identify bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Conversion of light energy into chemical energy |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a plant's version of the ETC? |
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Definition
| cyclic photophosphoyrlation |
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Term
| In the noncyclic photophosphorylation, is it recycled? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Gets energy from chemicals |
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Metabolic pathways that have both catbolic and anabolic functions |
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