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Chapter 5
The Integumentary System and Body Membranes
66
Medical
Not Applicable
09/26/2012

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Term
Integumentary System
Definition
The skin; the largest and most important organ in the body
Term
Integument
Definition
Refers to the skin
Term
Membrane
Definition
Thin layer or sheet
Term
Epithelial membranes
Definition
Composed of epithelial tissue with an underlying layer of specialized connective tissue
Term
Connective tissue membranes
Definition
One of the two major types of body membranes; composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue
Term
Cutaneous membrane
Definition
Primary organ of the integumentary system; the skin
Term
Serous membrane
Definition
A two-layered epithelial membrane that lines body cavities and covers the surfaces of organs
Term
Basement membrane
Definition
The connective tissue layer of the serous membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells
Term
Parietal portion
Definition
Serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity
Term
Visceral portion
Definition
Serous membrane that covers the surface of organs found in the body cavity
Term
Pleura
Definition
Serous membrane i the thoracic cavity
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
Large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal layer) and its organs (Visceral layer)
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
Inflammation of the pleura
Term
Peritonitis
Definition
Inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix
Term
Mucous membrane
Definition
Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus
Term
Mucus
Definition
Thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and that keeps the membrane moist
Term
Mucocutaneous junction
Definition
The transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane meet
Term
Synovial membranes
Definition
Connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid
Term
Synovial fluid
Definition
The thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
Term
Bursae
Definition
Small, cushion-like sacs found between moving body parts, making movement easier
Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition
Oil-producing gland found in the skin
Term
Epidermis
Definition
"False" skin; outermost layer of the skin
Term
Dermis
Definition
The deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings,and blood vessels; sometimes called the TRUE SKIN
Term
Subcutaneous tissue
Definition
Tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and fat
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
The loose, ordinary (areolar) tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles
Term
Stratum germinativum
Definition
Innermost of the tightly packed epithelial cells of the epidermis; cells in this layer are able to reproduce themselves
Term
Stratum corneum
Definition
Tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin
Term
Blisters
Definition
Baglike fluid-filled elevation of the skin caused by an irritant such as heat, friction, or a chemical
Term
Pigment
Definition
The layer of the epidermis that contains the melanocytes that produce melanin to give skin its color
Term
Melanin
Definition
Brown skin pigment
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
Specialized cells in the pigment layer that produce melanin
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
Bluish appearance of the skin caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood
Term
Dermal-epidermal junction
Definition
Junction between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer providing support for the epidermis
Term
Dermal papillae
Definition
Upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and forms the ridges and grooves of fingerprints
Term
Follicles
Definition
Specialized structures required for hair growth
Term
Lanugo
Definition
Extremely fine and soft hair found on a newborn infant
Term
Hair papilla
Definition
Small, cap-shaped cluster of cells located at the base of the follicle where hair growth begins
Term
Arrector pili
Definition
Smooth muscles of the skin, which are attached to hair follicles; when contraction occurs, the hair stands up, resulting in "goose flesh"
Term
Tactile (Meissner) corpuscle
Definition
Sensory receptor located in the skin close to the surface that detects light tough
Term
Lamellar (Pacini) corpuscle
Definition
Receptor found deep in the dermis that detects pressure on the skin surface
Term
Free nerve endings
Definition
Specialized receptors in the skin that respond to pain
Term
Bulboid corpuscles (Krause end bulbs)
Definition
Skin receptor that detects sensations of cold
Term
Nail body
Definition
Visible part of the nail
Term
Nail root
Definition
Part of the nail that is hidden by the cuticle
Term
Cuticle
Definition
Skinfold covering the root of the nail
Term
Lunula
Definition
Crescent-shaped white area under the proximal nail bed
Term
Sweat
Definition
Transparent, watery liquid released by glands in the skin that eliminates ammonia and uric acid and helps maintain body temperature
Term
Sudoriferous glands
Definition
That secrete sweat
Term
Apocrine sweat glands
Definition
Located in the axilla and genital regions; these glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty
Term
Pores
Definition
Pinpoint-size opening on the skin that serves as a n outlet of a small duct from the eccrine sweat glands
Term
Sebum
Definition
Secretion of sebaceous glands
Term
Blackhead
Definition
Sebum that accumulates, darkens, and enlarges some of the ducts of the sebaceous glands
Term
Squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
Malignant tumor of the epidermis; slow-growing cancer that is capable of metastasizing; the most common type of skin cancer
Term
Basal cell carcinoma
Definition
One of the most common forms of skin cancer, usually occurs on upper face, with low potential for metastasizing
Term
Malignant
Definition
Cancerous growth
Term
Kaposi sarcoma
Definition
Malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the shin characterized by purplish spots
Term
Functions of the Skin
Definition
Protection, Temperature regulation, and Sense organ activity
Term
Keratin
Definition
Protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues
Term
Melanin
Definition
Brown skin pigment
Term
Burns
Definition
An injury to tissues resulting from contact with hear, chemicals, electricity, friction, or radiant and electromagnetic energy; classified into four categories, depending on the number of tissue layers involved
Term
"Rule of nines"
Definition
Frequently used method to determine the extent of a burn injury; the body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each and 1% to the perineum to help estimate the amount of skin surface burned in an adult
Term
First-degree burn
Definition
Minor burn with only minimal discomfort and no blistering; epidermis may peel but no dermal injury occurs
Term
Second-degree burn
Definition
Partial-thickness burn injury that is more severe than a first-degree burn and often involves damage to the dermis
Term
Partial-thickness burns
Definition
Used to describe both minor burn injury and more severe burns that injure both epidermis and dermis
Term
Third-degree burns
Definition
Involves complete destruction of both epidermis and dermis with injury extending into subcutaneous tissue
Term
Full-thickness burn
Definition
Burn that destroys epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; and extends below skin and subcutaneous tissue to reach muscle and bone
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