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What is the "crisis" to be resolved in Ericson's third stage, ages 3-6?
A) Trust vs mistrust
B) Initiative vs. guilt
C) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
D) Intimacy vs isolation
E) generativity vs despair |
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Some child raising guides say that, if the 3 month old baby cries at night, it's best to let him cry it out, rather than going to pick him up. What would Erikson say?
A) Let him cry. This is the best thing. The baby will learn to self-regulate and put himself back to sleep.
B) No -- a baby this age needs to have his needs met as much as possible. That means, if he cries he needs something, so the parent find out what and take care of it. That's how he develops basic trust.
C) This baby is in danger of being a "spoiled brat" if the parents pick him up every time he cries.
D) He just wants attention. Don't give it to him, unless you want him to cry all the time. This is a principle of operant conditioning -- if you pick him up, you are training him to be very needy and clingy.
E) It really doesn't much matter what you do. The baby has a certain inborn temperament, and that's why some cry all the time and some are calm. |
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Which theorist developed the evolutionary view of attachment?
A) Skinner
B) Bowlby
C) Darwin
D) Piaget
E) Erikson |
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From an infant's perspective, what is the most critical factor is developing a secure attachment?
A) A caregiver who is dependable and predictable
B) No heavy sibling rivalries
C) A caregiver who loves them
D) A stimulating environment |
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Mary has been playing alone in her room, but she is not happy. Her mother shows up, and Mary seems angry. What kind of attachment do you think she is showing?
A) secure
B) avoidant
C) resistant
D) disoriented
E) insecure |
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Joe is 6 months old, and his parents both work. He is at day care many hours, 5 days a week. They worry that he is away from them so much, he may not form close bonds with them. What can they do to help the situation?
A) Make sure to spend "quality time" with him when they can.
B) Leave him in day care 7 days a week -- it is the changing schedule that is hard on him.
C) Make sure that he goes to a big day care, lots of workers, so he doesn't form attachment to anyone there.
D) One of the parents must quit working so much if they want Joe to develop normally. |
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What is must a child develop in order to have "complex emotions" instead of just "basic emotions?"
A) Trust
B) A sense of self
C) Purpose
D) Relationships with adults
E) social referencing |
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Before Quinta goes into a new situation -- a new ride at the playground, a new room in a strange house -- she looks at her mother. If the mother smiles or looks as if this is ok, Quinta goes off on her adventure. This is an example of:
A) Insecure attachment
B) Social referencing
C) Secure attachment
D) complex emotion
E) cooperative play |
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Stan is playing with blocks, Joe is playing with a truck. They don't interact, but do seem to be aware of each other. This is called:
A) parallel play
B) Stranger wariness
C) simple social play
D) pro-social behavior
E) avoidance |
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Five year old Fred has a vivid imagination and an important imaginary friend, who goes everywhere with him. His parents are a little worried about the friend. Should they be?
A) Yes -- he's too old for this. They should try to get in interested in sports.
B) Yes -- he needs a better grip on reality before he starts school.
C) No - he's OK. His vivid fantasy life has little to do with his ability to tell the difference between reality and fantasy. |
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Which example of solitary play should parents maybe worry about?
A) He likes to stay in his room and build huge cities out of legos.
B) Other children are playing in a group. He watches but he does not try to join in.
C) He likes looking at pictures, drawing, coloring, etc.
D) He plays all day with the dog -- rarely with human friends. |
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You want your child to develop altruism and empathy. What should you do? (Pick one, best way.)
A) Read him stories about children who helped others, and explain why this was good to do.
B) Make a fuss whenever the child spontaneously shows altruism.
C) There's really nothing you can do. Some people have empathy, some don't.
D) Model the kinds of altruistic behaviors you hope he will have -- because children learn by watching us.
E) Avoid discipline. |
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Male and female social roles are mainly ____________. (Pick the one that the text states most psychologists now agree is the strongest.... although other factors are present.)
A) Innate, inborn
B) Socially developed, culturally influenced
C) Inherited
D) Not important before the child begins to mature sexually |
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A little boy believes men are superior to women. His teacher reads him a story about a good and powerful woman, a leader of her country. The next day, the boy reports that the story was about a king and his wife. What's distorting his memory? (Pick the best one)
A) Gender roles
B) Gender identity
C) Gender schemas
D) Social roles
E) Fear |
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