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| - the number of individuals per unit area or volume |
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| - the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population |
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| - study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size |
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| - behavior in which an animal defends a behavior in which an animal defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals, usually of it's own species (density dependent) |
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| Exponential population growth |
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| - growth of a population in a ideal, unlmd. environment, represented by a j-curve when pop. size is plotted over time |
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| - maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as k |
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| - pop. growth that levels off as pop. size approaches carrying capacity |
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| - logistic growth, levels off |
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| - selection for traits that are sensitive to population density and are favored at high densities, density dependent selection |
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| - selection for traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments (low densities) density-independent selection |
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| - a characteristic that is not affected by pop. density ex. birth rate & death rate |
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| - a characteristic that varies with population density ex. a death rate that rises as pop. density rises & a birth rate that falls with rising density |
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| - competing against another species or within a species (density dependent) |
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| - interaction between species in which one species the predator, eats the other the prey ( density dependent ) |
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| - intinsic physiolgical factors sometimes regulate pop. size. The drop in reproduction at high population density is associated with aggressive interactions and hormonal changes that delay sexual maturation and depress the immune system. In this type of species high density causes a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in the death rate (density dependent) |
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| ex. yeasts which is used to convert the carbohydrates into ethanol. The ehtanol that accumulates in the wine is toxic to yeasts and contributes to density dependent regulation of yeast population size of yeast pop size (density dependent) |
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| density dependent. because the transmission rate of the disease depends on the certain level of crowding in a population |
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| - when pop. fluctuate at unpredictable intervals, and some undergo regular boom-bust cycles |
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