Term
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Definition
| our awareness of ourselves and the environment around us |
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Term
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Definition
| a periodic, more or less regular fluctuations in a biological systems; may or may not have psychological implications |
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Term
| What does the biological clock govern? |
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Definition
| the waxing and waning of hormones, urine volume, blood pressure and responsiveness of brain cells to stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| synchronization of biological rhythms with external cues such as fluctuations in daylight |
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Term
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Definition
| generated from within rather than external cues |
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Term
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Definition
a biological rhythm with a period of about 24 hours
aka sleep wake cycle |
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Term
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
master peacemaker |
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Definition
an area of the brain containing a biological clock that governs circadian rhythms
located in hypothalamus
regulates fluctuating levels of hormones and neurotransmitters and they in turn provide feedback that affects the SCN's function |
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Term
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Definition
secreted by the pineal gland within the brain
once asleep in a darkened room, melatonin levels rise and when awake they decrease
helps keep light dark cycle
treatments with melatonin have been used to treat insomnia and blind people |
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Term
| internal desyncronization |
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Definition
a state in which biological rhythms are not in phase with one another
jet lag; sleep cycles can adjust quickly but hormone and temperature cycles can take days to return to normal |
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Term
| seasonal affective disorder |
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Definition
| a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during winter and an improvement in mood during spring |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the vague cluster of physical and emotional symptoms associated with the days preceding menstruation- including fatigue, headache, irritability, and dpression |
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Term
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Definition
sleep periods characterized by eye movement, loss of muscle tone and vivid dreams
alternates with non- REM sleep in 90 min intervals
lasts from a few minutes to 1 hr avg: 20 mins |
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Term
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Definition
the moment after climbing into bed, the brain emits these waves
have a regular slow rhythm and high amplitude |
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Term
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Definition
the brain waves become small and irregular
a light sleep; there are few visual images recalled |
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Term
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Definition
the brain emits occasional short bursts of rapid, high peaking waves called sleep spindles
minor noises will not disturb |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid, high peaking waves emitted during stage 2 |
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Term
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Definition
has the same waves as stage 2 of sleep but the brain occasionally emits delta waves
breathing and pulse have slowed; the muscles are relaxed and you are heard to awaken
hardest to awaken during this time |
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Term
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Definition
| very slow waves with very high peaks |
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Term
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Definition
delta waves are now largely taken over and you are in deep sleep
loud noises and rigorous shaking will be needed to awaken you
the time for sleepwalking |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder in which breathing periodically stops for a few moments causing the person to choke and gasp |
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Term
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Definition
an individual is subject to irresistible and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness lasting from 5 to 30 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle paralysis associated with REM sleep does not occur and the sleep (usually male) become physically active often acting out a dream |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which the synaptic changes associated with recently stored memories become durable and stable, causing memory to become more reliable |
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Term
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Definition
| all dreams are meaningful; people are represented by another, thoughts and objects are translated into symbolic images |
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Term
manifest content
latent content |
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Definition
actual content of dream
the unconscious wishes and thoughts being expressed symbolically |
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Term
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Definition
the symbols and metaphors do not disguise its true meaning, they convey it
supported by findings that dreams are more likely to contain material related to a person's current concerns than chance would predict |
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Term
| cognitive approach to dreams |
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Definition
emphasizes current concerns but makes no claims about problem solving during sleep
the brain is doing the same kind of work during dreams as it does when we are awake
predicts that when a person is totally cut off from external stimulus, mental activity would be the same as dreaming |
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Term
| activation synthesis theory |
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Definition
draws heavily on physiological research
dreams result from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain
there is no purpose in dreaming |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure in which a practitioner suggests changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior of the subject |
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Term
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Definition
- hypnotic responsiveness depends on if the person wants to be hypnotized
- cannot be forced to do things against their will
- feats performed can be performed by motivated people without hypnosis
- does not increase the accuracy of memory
- does not produce a literal reexperiencing of long ago events
- have been used effectively for many medical and psychological purposes
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Term
Dissociation theory
Ernest Hilgard |
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Definition
| involves a split in consciousness in which one part of the mind operates differently from the rest of the consciousness |
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Term
hidden observer
associated with the Dissociation Theory |
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Definition
| part of the conscious that is watching but not participating |
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Term
Sociocognitive Theory
Kirsch |
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Definition
the effects of hypnosis result from an interaction between the social influence of the hypnotist and the abilities, beliefs and expectations of the subject
explains why people under hypnosis report spirit possession or memories of alien abductions |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that alters mood, perception, thinking, memory, or behavior by changing the body's biochemistry |
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Term
| tobacco, marijuana, mescaline, opium, peyote, even tea and coffee |
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Definition
| examples of psychoactive drugs |
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Term
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Definition
drugs, caffeine, cocaine, tobacco, amphetamines, methamphetamines
in very large doses they can cause convulsions, heart failure and death |
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Term
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Definition
slow down activity in the CNS
alcohol, tranquilizers, barbiturates, and most common chemicals people inhale |
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Term
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Definition
relieve pain
opium, morphine, heroin, and synthetic drugs such as methadone
mimic endorphines |
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Term
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Definition
disrupt normal thought processes
LSD, mescaline |
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Term
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Definition
| not classified in any category |
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Term
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Definition
| occur less frequently than once a day |
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Term
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Definition
| occur more frequently than once a day |
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