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Chapter 5
a
54
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
02/13/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
symbiosis
Definition
eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process called intracellular ____
Term
9+2
Definition
arrangement of microtubules in the flagella and cilia of eukaryotes
Term
cilia
Definition
eukaryotic appendage that can function for movement, feeding, and filtering
Term
glycocalyx
Definition
eukaryotic cells have a _______ on their outer surface
Term
glycocalyx
Definition
an outermost boundary that comes into direct contact with the environment on eukaryotes
Term
prokaryotes
Definition
the glycocalyx of eukaryotes is structurally similar to _____
Term
animal and protozoa
Definition
all ____ cells lack a cell wall
Term
sterols
Definition
in addition to phospholipids, the cell membrane of eukaryotes also contain ______
Term
sterols
Definition
the relative rigidity of ____ confers stability to the eukaryotic membrane
Term
nucleus
Definition
the _____ of the eukaryote is composed of two parallel membranes seperated by a narrow space
Term
nuclear pores
Definition
passageways through which macromolecules migrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and vice versa
Term
nucleoplasm
Definition
matrix that is contained in the nucleus
Term
nucleolus
Definition
area of the nucleus that stains darker because of the RNA content
Term
nucleolus
Definition
the site for RNA synthesis and collection area for ribosomal subunits
Term
ribosome
Definition
the ribosomal subunits are transported through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm for final assembly in the ______
Term
chromatin
Definition
a network of dark fibers in the nucleoplasm that comprises the eukaryotic chromosomes
Term
chromosomes
Definition
large units of genetic information in the eukaryotic cell
Term
DNA
Definition
the nucleus contains instructions in the form of _____
Term
meiosis
Definition
the process by which sex cells are created
Term
cisternae
Definition
spaces in the RER that trasports materials from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and ultimately to the cell's exterior
Term
proteins
Definition
____ synthesized in the ribosomes are shunted into the RER for packaging and transport
Term
SER
Definition
functions in nutrient processing and in synthesis and storage of nonprotien macromolecules
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
the site in the cell where protiens are modified and sent to their final destination
Term
cisternae
Definition
the flattened, disc-shaped sacs that make up the Golgi apparatus
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
the Golgi apparatus is always associated with the _____ ____ in location and function
Term
polysaccharides and lipids
Definition
once in the Golgi apparatus, proteins are often modified by the addition of ________ and ______
Term
RNA code
Definition
in the ribosomes, specific proteins are synthesized using ____ ___
Term
lysosome
Definition
type of vesicle that originates from the Golgi apparatus that contains enzymes used in intracellular digestion and protection
Term
lysosomes
Definition
____ also participate in digestion and removal of cell debris in damaged tissue
Term
vacuoles
Definition
membrane-bound sacs containing fluids or solid particles to be digested, excreted, or stored.
Term
phagocytic
Definition
vacuoles are formed in _____ cells in response to food and other substances that have been engulfed
Term
phagosome
Definition
a lysosome merges with a vacuole to digest its contents and forms a _______
Term
mitochondria
Definition
a bulk of the energy in eukaryotes is generated by the ____________
Term
cristae
Definition
the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria that can be tubular, finger-like, or folded into shelflike bands
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
the cristae of the mitochondria hodl the enzymes and electron carriers of _____ ______
Term
matrix
Definition
the spaces around the cristae are filled with a chemically complex fluid called _____
Term
matrix
Definition
portion of mitochondria which holds ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes and other compounds involved in the metabolic cycle
Term
mitochondria
Definition
________ divide independantly of the cell, contain circular strands of DNA, and have prokaryotic-sized 70S DNA
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
organelles foud in algae and plant cells that are capable of converting energy of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
_____ resemble mitochondria, but are larger, contain special pigments, and are much more varied in shape
Term
thylakoids
Definition
the inner membrane of chloroplasts fold into small, disclike sacs called _____
Term
grana
Definition
the thylakoids of chloroplasts are stacked upon one another into _____
Term
stroma
Definition
ground substance that surrounds that grana of chlorophyll
Term
chemical energy - carbohydrates
Definition
the role of the photosynthetic pigments in chlorophyl is to absorb and transform solar energy into ______ which is used during reactions in the stroma to synthesize _______
Term
polyribosomes (polysomes)
Definition
multiple ribosomes are often found in short chains called ________
Term
ribonucleoproteins
Definition
both eurkaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are made up of large and small subunits called ____________
Term
80S - 60S - 40S
Definition
the eukaryotic ribonucleoproteins are the larger ____ variety which is a combination of the smaller ___ and ___
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
the ctyoplasm of eukaryotic cell is criss-crossed by a flexible framework of molecules called the ____________
Term
microfilaments
Definition
part of the cytoskeleton that is thin protein strands that attach to the cell membrane and form a network through the cytoplasm
Term
microfilaments
Definition
some ____ are responsible for the movement of cytoplasm
Term
ameboid motion
Definition
some microfilaments are active in ____ ____ which allows the cell membrane to stretch for movement
Term
microtubules
Definition
part of the cytoskeleton that is long, hollow tubes that maintain the shape of eukaryotic cells without cell walls and transport substances from one part of a cell to the next
Term
microtubules
Definition
the spindle fibers that play an active role in mitosis are actually ______
Term
microtubules
Definition
______ are responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella
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