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Chapter 5
Musculoskelatal System
101
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2008

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Term
Acromion
Definition
part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle
Term
Amphiarthroses
Definition
cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones
Term
Analgesic
Definition
drug that lessens or blocks pain
Term
Arthralgia
Definition
pain in joint
Term
Arthritis
Definition
inflammation in joint
Term
Arthrography
Definition
examination of joints; radiography of joints
Term
Arthroplasty
Definition
surgical replacement or repair of joint
Term
Arthroscopy
Definition
examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint
Term
Articulation
Definition
point at which two bones join together to allow movement
Term
Breastbone
Definition
long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest) also known as the sternum
Term
Ca
Definition
calcium
Term
Cardiac muscle
Definition
striated, involuntary muscle of the heart
Term
Chiropractors
Definition
healthcare professionals who work to align the spinal column alignment so as to treat certain ailment
Term
Clavicle
Definition
curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone
Term
Closed fracture
Definition
also known as simple or hairline; does not move any part of the bone out of place
Term
Coccyx
Definition
small bone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column;tailbone
Term
Comminuted fracture
Definition
is a break in which the bone is fragmented or shattered
Term
Compound fracture
Definition
also known as an open fracture is a break with an open wound
Term
Cranial bones
Definition
the eight bones of the skull that enclose the brain
Term
CXR
Definition
abbreviation for chest x-ray
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
long, middle section of a bone; shaft
Term
Diathroses
Definition
freely movable joints (ball and socket joints; ex: hip bone)
Term
Diskography
Definition
radiographic image of an intervertabral disk by injection of a contrast medium into the center of the disk
Term
Electromyogram
Definition
a graphic image of muscular action using electrical currents
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
the end of a long bone
Term
Ethmoid
Definition
one of the eight bones of the cranium - forms part of the eye socket and nasal cavity
Term
False ribs
Definition
the lower 5 ribs that do not connect to the sternum
Term
Flat bones
Definition
non-tubular bones of the skull, breastbone, shoulder blades and pelvis
Term
Frontal
Definition
large bone of the skull that forms the top of the head and the forehead
Term
Fx
Definition
fracture
Term
Goniometer
Definition
measures range of motion
Term
Humerus
Definition
long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow
Term
Irregular bones
Definition
any group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull,vertabrae
Term
Ligaments
Definition
sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones. Attaches bone to bone.
Term
Long bones
Definition
any bone of the extremities with a shaft
Term
MRI
Definition
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - a painless diagnostic tool which uses a magnetic field and radio waves to see inside the body without using x-rays
Term
Mandible
Definition
U-shaped bone of the lower jaw
Term
Maxillary
Definition
Bone of the upper jaw
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
section of long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Term
Myalgia
Definition
muscle pain or tenderness
Term
Myelography
Definition
radiographic imaging of the spinal cord
Term
Myoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of muscle tissue
Term
NSAID
Definition
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Term
Occipital
Definition
bone that forms the lower back portion of the skull
Term
Orthopedists
Definition
physician who examines diagnoses and treats disorders of the musculoskelatal system
Term
Osteoalgia
Definition
bone pain
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
cells that form bone
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue
Term
Osteopaths
Definition
physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures
Term
Osteoplasty
Definition
surgical repair or replacement of a bone
Term
Patella
Definition
large sesamoid (a bone embedded with a tendon) bone that forms the kneecap
Term
Phagocytes
Definition
cells that remove foreign particles from the body
Term
Phosphorus
Definition
component necessary for ossification which is hardening of the bone, along w/calcium and vitamin D
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
major endocrine gland; secretes hormones essential to metabolic functions
Term
Podiatrist
Definition
medical specialist who examines, diagnoses and treats disorders of the foot
Term
Prosthetic
Definition
artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part
Term
Radius
Definition
shorter bone of the forearm
Term
Reduction
Definition
return of a part to it's normal position
Term
Rheumatologists
Definition
physician who examines diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system
Term
ROM
Definition
Range Of Motion
Term
Sella turcica
Definition
bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
Term
Sesamoid bone
Definition
bone formed in a tendon over a joint
Term
Short bones
Definition
square-shaped bones with approximately equal dimensions on all sides
Term
Sinuses
Definition
hollow cavities, especially either of the two cavities on the sides of the nose
Term
Smooth muscle
Definition
fibrous muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily
Term
Sphenoid bone
Definition
bone that forms the base of the skull
Term
Sphenoid sinus
Definition
sinus above and behind the nose
Term
Spinal column
Definition
column of vertebrae at the posterior of the body from the neck to the coccyx
Term
Sprain
Definition
injury to a ligament
Term
Sternum
Definition
long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax
Term
Strain
Definition
injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse
Term
Striated
Definition
muscle with a ribbed appearance that is controlled at will
Term
Sublaxation
Definition
partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
fibrous joint with no movement (i.e. skull bones)
Term
Synovial fluid
Definition
fluid that serves to lubricate joints
Term
Temporal Bone
Definition
large bone forming the base and sides of the skull
Term
Tendonitis
Definition
inflammation of the tendons,swelling and irratation
Term
Tendons
Definition
fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structure
Term
Tenotomy
Definition
surgical cutting of a tendon
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
body space above
Term
Tibia
Definition
larger of the two lower leg bones
Term
True ribs
Definition
seven upper ribs on each side of the chest that attach to the sternum
Term
Ulna
Definition
larger bone of the forearm
Term
Uric acid test
Definition
test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout
Term
Vitamin D
Definition
a component necessary for ossification
Term
Voluntary muscles
Definition
striated muscles
Term
Ankyl(o)
Definition
bent, crooked
Term
Arthr (o)
Definition
joint
Term
Brachi(o)
Definition
arm
Term
Calcane(o)
Definition
heel
Term
Carp(o)
Definition
wrist
Term
Cephal(o)
Definition
head
Term
Chondr(o)
Definition
cartilage
Term
Dactyl(o)
Definition
fingers, toe
Term
Kyph(o)
Definition
hump;bent
Term
My(o)
Definition
muscle
Term
Myel(o)
Definition
spinal cord; bone marrow
Term
Oste(o)
Definition
bone
Term
Phalang(o)
Definition
finger or toe bone
Term
Pod(o)
Definition
foot
Term
Three main functions of the musculoskeletal system
Definition
1) Holds body together 2)protects organs 3)allows body to move freely
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