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| formed of the cranium and the facial bones. all but one of the bones are connected by sutures, interlocking, immovable joins, only the mandible is connected by a freely movable joint |
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| encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue. boxline, composed of 8 large flat bones. except for two paired bones (parietal and temporal, they are are all single bones): frontal, parietal,temporal, occipital,sphenoid, ethmoid |
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| hold the eyes in an anterior position and allow the facial muscles to show our feeling through smiles or frowns |
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| (part of the cranium. forms the forehead, the bony projections under the eyebrows, and the superior part of each eye's orbit |
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| (part of the cranium)paired, form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium. meet in the midline of the skull at the sagittal suture and form the coronal suture where they meet the frontal bone |
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| where the parietal bones meet at the midline of the skull |
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| where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone |
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| (part of the cranium) lie inferior to the parietal bones, join at the squamous sutures. have several important bone markings: external acoustic (auditory) meatus, styloid process, zygomatic process, mastoid process, jugular foramen, internal acoustic meatuc, carotid canal |
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| where the temperal bones joing the parietal bones |
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| external acoustic (auditory) meatus |
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| (bone marking on the temporal bone), the canal that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear |
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| (bone marking on the temporal bone), sharp, needlelike projection, just inferior to the external auditory meatus, many neck muscles use the styloid process as an attachment point |
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| (bone marking on the temporal bone), rough projection posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus, full of air cavitied (mastoid sinuses). an attachment point for some muscles of the neck. the mastoid sinuses are so close the the middle ear a risk spot for infection an infection called (mastoiditis) and because its also close to the braid it could spread there |
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| (bone marking on the temporal bone). at the junction of the occipitl and temoral bones and allows passage of the jugular vein, the largest vein of the hed, which drains the brain. |
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| its just anterior to the jugular foramen in the cranial cavity. it transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII (the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves). |
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| anterior to the jugular foramen on the skulls inferior aspect. through which the internal carotid artery runs supplying blood to most of the brain |
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| (part of the cranium, most posterior bone of the cranium. it forms the floor and the back wall of the skull. joins the parietal bones anteriorly at the lambdoid suture. at its base s a large opening, the foramen magnum, which surrounds the lower part of the brain and allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain. |
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| where the occipital bone joins the parietal bone anteriorly |
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| large opening at the base of occipital bone. surrounds the lower part of the brain and allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain. lateral to it on each side are the occipital condyles, which rest on the first vertebrae of the spinal column |
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| rockerlike, lateral to the foramen magnum on each side. rests on the first vertebra of the spinal column |
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| butterfly-shaped, spans the width of the skull and forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity. in the midline is a small depression, the sella turcica. the foramen ovale is a large oval opening in like with the posterior end of the sella turcica. parts of the sphenoid, seen exteriorly forming part of the eye orbits, have two important openings: the opic canal and the superior orbital fissure. the central part of the sphenoid bone is riddled with air cavities, the spheniod sinuses. |
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| or Turk's saddle, midline of the sphenoid bone, small depression holds the pituatary glands in place |
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| (spehenoid bone)large oval opening in like with the posterior end of the sella turcica, allows fibers of cranial nerve V (the trigeminal nerve) to pass to the chewing muscles of the lower jaw (mandible) |
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| allows the optic nerve to pass to the eye. one of the important openings of the eye orbits that the sphenoid forms exteriorly |
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| through which the cranial nerves controlling eye movements (III, IV and VI) pass.one of the important openings of the eye orbits that the sphenoid forms exteriorly |
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| central part of the spheniod bone that is riddles with air cavities |
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| irregularly shaped, lies anterior to the sphenoid. forms the rood of the nasal cavity and part of the medial wals of the orbits |
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| projects from the ethmoid bones superior surface, literally "cock's comb", outtermost covering of the brain attached to this projection. on each side are many small holes |
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| holey area each side of the crista galli, allow nerve fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain. |
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| superior and middle nasal conchae |
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| extensions of the ethmoid bone, form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and increase the turbulence of air flowing through the nasal passages |
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| 14 bones compose the face, 12 are only paired, only the middle mandible and vomer are single. facial bones: maxillae, palatine, zygomatic,lacrimal, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, mandible, hyoid bone |
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| 2 macillae or maxillary bones, fuse to form the upper jaw. all facial bones except the mandible join the maxillaw, thus they are the main, or "keystone" bones of the face. the maxillae carry the upper teeth in the alveolar margin |
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| maxillae carry the upper teeth in this |
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| extension of the maxillae, form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth |
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| in the maxillae, drain into the nasal passages |
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| name reveals their position surrounding the nasal cavity, lighten the skull bones and probabaly act to amplify the sounds we make as we speak. cause people pain because the mucosa lining of the sinuses is continuously with that in the nasal oassages and throat, infections in these areas tend to migrate into the sinuses, causing sinusitis |
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| paired, lie posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae. form the posterior part of the hard palate. failue of these of the palatine processes to fuse medially results in CLEFT PALATE |
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| referred to as the cheekbones. form a good sized portion of the lateral walls of the orbits, or eye sockets |
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| fingernail size bones forming part of the medial walls of each orbit. has a groove that serves as a passageway for tears |
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| the small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose are the nasal bones |
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| single bone in the median line of the nasal cavity, forms most of the nasal septum |
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| thin, curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
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| lower jaw is the largest and strongest bone of the face. joins the temporal bones on each side of the face, forming the only freely movable joints in the skull. the horizontal part forms the chin (the body), two upright bars of bone (rami)extend from the body to connect the mandible with the temporal bone. the lower teeth lie in alveoli (sockts) in the alveolar margin at the superior edge of the mandibular body |
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| related to the mandible and the temporal bones. it is the only bone in the body that is not articulated with any other bone. it is suspended in the idneck region about 2 cm above the larynx where it is anchored by ligaments to the styoid processes of the temporal bones. horseshoe shaped with a body and two pairs of horns or cornua, the hyoid bone serves as a movable base for the tongue and an attachment point for neck muscles that raise and lower the larync when we swallow and speak |
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| face is small compared to the size of the cranium. skull is large compared to the total body keng (1/4 the size of the body vs. 1/8 in adults)some of the hyaline cartilage has yet to be converted to bone. skull has fiborous membranes, connecting the cranial bones (fontanels) the heart beat can be felt here, allows the babys skull flexibily in birth |
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| fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones, heart beat can be felt in these soft spots (in the fetal skull), largesrt are diamond shaped anterior fontanel and smaller triangular posterior fontanel. allow the fetus skull to be compressed during birth |
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