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Definition
| - an organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Serve as monomers of polypeptides |
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Definition
| - a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in a solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1 |
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Definition
| - a spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding |
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Definition
| - one form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth. Two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds |
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Definition
| - a chemical present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group |
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Definition
| - a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| - in proteins, a process in which a protein unravels a loses its native shape, thereby becoming biologically inactive; in DNA, the separation of the 2 strands of the double helix. It occurs under extreme (noncellular) conditions of pH, salt concentration, and temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| - a strong covalent bond formed when sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer |
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Term
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Definition
| - a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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Definition
| - a type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that don’t mix with water coalesce to exclude the water |
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Definition
| - the covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the next, formed by a dehydration reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| - a polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| - the level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| - a functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure |
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Term
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Definition
| - the particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent subunits, each a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| - the localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between peptide linkages |
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Definition
| - a human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single of a single amino acid in a globin polypeptide that is part of the hemoglobin protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells (due to protein aggregation) that can lead to numerous symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| - irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, ad disulfide bridges |
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