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| Freuds argument of Conciousness |
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argues that peoples feelings and behavior are influenced by unconscious needs wishes and conflicts Concious and unconcious processes different levels of awareness |
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awareness of internal and external stimuli (personal awareness) Rearely does conciousness come to a standstill it wanders, it flows, it fluctuates |
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| electroencephalograph (EEG) |
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is a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attatched to the surface of the scalp These brain-wave tracings vary in amplitude(height) and frequency(cycles per second (CPS)) |
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Beta (13-24 CPS) Alpha (8-12CPS) Theta (4-7 CPS) Delta (under 4 CPS) Different patterns of EEG activity are associated with different states of conciousness |
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| normal waking thought, alert problem solving |
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| Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation |
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| Why did conciousness evolve? |
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to help our ancient ancestors survive and reproduce A little forethought and planning may have proved valuable in efforts to obtain food, avoid predators, and find mates |
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periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning Monitored by biological clock |
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| the 24 hour biological cycles found in every human and many other species |
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Suprachiasmatic nucleaus (SCN) |
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| when exposed to light, some receptors in the retina send direct signals to the nearby pineal gland whose secretions of the horemone melatonin plays a key role in adjusting biological clocks |
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chronic Jet Lag appears to be associated with measurable deficits in cognitive performance Rule of thumb is the adjustment process takes about a day for each time zone crossed Easy to fly westward and shorten your day than to fly eastward and lenghten it |
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records muscular activity and tension |
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| records contractions of the heart |
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theta waves prominent (1-7 minutes long) |
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| sleep spindles and mixed EEG activity |
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Slow wave sleep Progressivly more delta waves |
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where dreaming happens Rapid eye movements low voltage, high frequency waves 20% of adults night spent in REM muslce movements relaxed so person is prevented from acting out dreams (sleep paralasys) |
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stages 1-4 abscence of eye movement relativley little dreaming sleep walking, talking do not remember dreams deep sleep 80% of nights sleep |
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repeats about four times a night susequent REM periods get gradually longer most slow wave sleep occurs early in the sleep cycle |
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chronic problems getting adequite sleep 34-35% of adults report problems with insomnia 15-17% report severe insomnia |
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| a disease marked by sudden irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods |
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frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep |
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a systimatic procedure that typically produces a heightend state of suggestibility 10% of people cannot be hypnotized 10% are very hypnotizable used for anesthesia Sensory distortions and hallucinations dishinhibition post hypnotic suggetions and amnesia possible role playing many doubts |
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is splitting off of mental processes into two seperate, simultaneous streams of awareness (hidden observer theory) Divided consciousness is a common experience highway hypnosis |
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refers to a family of practices that train attention to heightened awareness and bring mental processes under great control alpha and theta waves become more prominent |
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