Term
What are the levels of consciousness? (4)
pg. 189 |
|
Definition
| Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious, and Nonconscious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thoughts and feelings we are aware of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
material that is not currently in awareness but is readily available.
EX: Answer question - "What'd you eat for dinner yesterday?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mental events that are unavailable to awareness under most circumstances; some painful memories & sexual & aggressive impulses are unacceptable to us, so we automatically repress them to avoid anxiety, guilt, or shame. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bodily processes such as the firings of neurons; cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness |
|
|
Term
What are the two definitions of consciousness?
pg. 189 |
|
Definition
| Sense of self & the waking state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
system that provides, or "feeds back" info about a bodily function
EX: rats who were rewarded for having higher/lower heart rates learned to alter their heart rates about 20% in the direction for which they had been rewarded |
|
|
Term
What psychoactive drugs are there? (4)
pg. 208 |
|
Definition
| Depressants, Stimulants, Narcotics, Hallucinogens |
|
|
Term
Which drugs are depressants? (3)
Table 4.1 |
|
Definition
| alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (valium) |
|
|
Term
What do depressants do?
pg. 211
Table 4.1 |
|
Definition
| generally slow the activity of the central nervous system; reduce psychological arousal |
|
|
Term
What do stimulants do?
pg. 215 |
|
Definition
| increase the activity of the nervous system; can stimulate cognitive activity and help people control impulses; increase physiological arousal |
|
|
Term
Which drugs are stimulants? (4)
pg. 215
Table 4.1 |
|
Definition
| caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine |
|
|
Term
What do narcotics do?
pg. 214
Table 4.1 |
|
Definition
| (aka Opiates) dull sensory and emotional experiences; can be used for medical relief of pain; high levels produce sleep-like state |
|
|
Term
Which drugs are narcotics? (4)
pg. 214
Table 4.2 |
|
Definition
| Opium, moprhine, codeine, heroin |
|
|
Term
What do hallucinogenics do?
pg. 219 |
|
Definition
| produce hallucinations (sensations & perceptions in the absence of external stimulation); may also have effects such as relaxation, euphoria, or panic |
|
|
Term
Which drugs are hallucinogenics? (3)
pg. 220
Table 4.1 |
|
Definition
| LSD, mescaline, cannabis (marijuana) |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of addiction? (3) |
|
Definition
1) self medication - adjust our levels of arousal so we will be most comfortable and effective
or pleasure production
2) Individual differences, stress, and sociocultural factors come into play
3) dependence - the individual is dependent on the drug to eliminate the unpleasant withdrawal symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when an individual can't stop taking the drug because they want to avoid withdrawal; often physical; often with pain patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A psychological and/or physical syndrome caused by the abrupt cessation of the use of a drug in an habituated person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needing higher levels of the drug, wishing you could stop using the drug, and spending a lot of time using it; especially narcotics; continue using them even though they're effecting you negatively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body's habituation to a substance so that w/ regular usage, higher doses are required to achieve similar effects |
|
|
Term
What are the sleep disorders? (4)
pg. 198 |
|
Definition
| Apnea, Insomnia, Night Terros (or sleep terrors), Narcolepsy |
|
|
Term
Apnea (what it does, causes, cures)
pg. 199 |
|
Definition
| air passages are obstructed; stop breathing periodically (up to several hundred times per night); causes waking up; caused by anatomical deformities & problems with breathing center in brain; treated by weight loss, surgery, & continuous positive airway pressure (mask) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you can't sleep , becomes worse when you think about it too much (can't force yourself to sleep) |
|
|
Term
night terrors or sleep terrors
pg. 199 |
|
Definition
| similar to, but more severe than nightmares. occur during deep sleep or the 1st two sleep cycles of the night (nightmares take place during REM); very little memory of images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly. may last 15 mins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| altered state of consciousness, people seem highly suggestible and act like they're in a trance |
|
|
Term
What are the 3 theories as to why hypnosis works?
pg. 204 |
|
Definition
| Role Theory, Response set theory, neodissociation theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theodore Sarbin; behavior attributed to hypnotic trance can be successfully imitated when people are instructed to behave as though they are hypnotized; people allow themselves to enact the role |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suggests that response expectancies (thing we know we are expected to do) play a key role in the production of personal experiences & also in experiences suggested by hypnotists; positive response to each suggestion of the hypnotist sets the stage or creates a response set. therefore, the subject is more likely to follow subsequent suggestions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The view that we can selectively focus our attention on one thing and dissociate ourselves from the things going on around us
EX: avoiding pain by thinking happy thoughts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinking deeply about one's place in the world; spiritual context; induces relaxation by altering consciousness and focus; repeating mantras (words & sounds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep; 24 hour cycle connected with earth's rotation; w/o cues from environment cycle increases to 25 hrs & we sleep about 10 of those hrs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brain waves slow down from alpha waves & enter a pattern of 6-8 cycles/sec (theta waves); hypnagogic state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brain waves slow down to 407 cyclces/sec; sleep sindles (brief bursts of rapid brain activity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain waves slow to 1-3 cycles/sec (delta waves); difficult to wake people/lasts 30 minutes; start over through stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paradoxical sleep; EEG patterns look like awake person's waves; 80% of the time people are dreaming when they wake up |
|
|
Term
| How many times do you usually go through the sleep cycle in a night? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of sequences of complex hallucinatory experiences occuring during sleep that a) are accepted by person as actual occurences or b) change during a single episode |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yes, but they don't necessarily dream; gorilla signed phrase "sleep pictures" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
