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Chapter 4 Vocabulary
pg 63 vocab
19
Science
8th Grade
11/05/2012

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Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
The thin covering that forms the outer boundary of the cell.
Term
selectively permeable
Definition
allowing only certain molecules to pass through
Term
passive transport
Definition
the passage of substances across a membrane without the use of cellular energy.
Term
diffusion
Definition
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration;a form of passive transport
Term
osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Term
active transport
Definition
the passage of particles through a membrane, requiring the use of cellular energy
Term
cell wall
Definition
a rigid structure manufactured by certain organisms and secreted to the exterior of the cell membrane; plants, fungi, and bacteria have cell walls.
Term
organelle
Definition
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Term
mitochondria
Definition
the cellular organelles in which aerobic respiration occurs to release usable energy from food.
Term
cytoplasmic reticulum
Definition
A cellular organelle consisting of a network of membranes; enables substances to be transported throughout the cell
Term
ribosome
Definition
a cellular organelle that directs the assembling of proteins
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
a cellular organelle that collects chemicals from the cytoplasm, processes them, and secretes them.
Term
vacuole
Definition
a membrane-bound sac that contains various substances including water and wastes within a cell.
Term
lysosome
Definition
an organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
Term
chloroplast
Definition
a cellular organelle that contains chlorophyll and other pigments
Term
cilia
Definition
short hairlike extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement
Term
flagella
Definition
long hair like extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement
Term
nucleus
Definition
the cellular organelle that contains the chromosomes; control center of the cell
Term
chromosome
Definition
a strand of DNA with associated proteins; usually found in the nucleus of the cell; the bases of heredity
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