Term
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Definition
feelings or affect, involve an individuals communication with the world
- in infancy communication = emotional expression
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Term
| Descibe the different types of Cries |
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Definition
- Basic cry: a rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle, then brief rest before next cry (usually paired w/hunger)
- Anger cry: similar to the basic cry with more excess air forced through the vocal cords
- Pain cry: A sudden apperance of loud crying without preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding
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Term
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Definition
- Reflexive smile: a smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli and appears during the 1st month, usually during sleep
- Social smile: a smile that occurs in response to an external stimulus, typically a face in the case of the young infant. Can occur as early as 4 weeks in response to caregiver's voice
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Term
| What is stranger anxiety? |
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Definition
| most frequent expression of an infants fear (around 6 months) |
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Term
| What is separation protest? |
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Definition
| crying when the caregiver leaves |
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Term
| What is social referencing? |
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Definition
| reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation |
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Term
| What is Easy Child temperament? |
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Definition
| child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regualr routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences |
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Term
| What is Difficult Child temperament? |
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Definition
| child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change |
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Term
| What is Slow-to-Warm-Up Temparament? |
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Definition
| child has low activity level, in somewhat negative, and displays low intensity of mood |
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Term
| What is Kagen's concept of behavioral inhibition? |
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Definition
| inhibited children react to many aspects of unfamiliarity with initial avoidance, distress or subdued affect, beginning around 7-9 months |
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Term
| What is Rothnart & Bate's idea of effortful control? |
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Definition
| infants who are high in effortful control show an ability to keep their arousal from getting too high and have strategies for soothing themselves. the opposite is true for children with low effortful control |
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Term
| What are Erikson's first stages in psychosocial development? |
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Definition
| trust, the development of self and independence |
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Term
| What are Freud's first stages of psychosexual development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Strange Situation? |
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Definition
| Mary Ainsworth's experiment that measured the attachment of a baby to its mother |
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Term
| What are the forms of attachment? |
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Definition
- securely attached babies: use the caregiver as a secure base
- insecure avoidant babies: show insecurity by avoiding the mother
- insecure resistant babies: often cling to the caregiver and then resist her by fighting against the closenss
- insecure disorganized babies: disorganized and disoriented
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Term
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Definition
| timing interactions so that the infant experiences turn-taking with parents |
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Term
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Definition
| some type of care provided by someone other than a parent |
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