Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal System
Quiz 3: Sept. 8
99
Pharmacology
Professional
09/06/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ankyl/o
Definition
crooked or stiff
Term
arthr/o, articul/o
Definition
joint
Term
brachi/o
Definition
arm
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage (gristle)
Term
cost/o
Definition
rib
Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
dactyl/o
Definition
digit (finger or toe)
Term
fasci/o
Definition
fascia (a band)
Term
femor/o
Definition
femur
Term
fibr/o
Definition
fiber
Term
kyph/o
Definition
humped-back
Term
lei/o
Definition
smooth
Term
lord/o
Definition
bent
Term
lumb/o
Definition
loin (lower back)
Term
my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
Definition
muscle
Term
myel/o
Definition
bone marrow or spinal cord
Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
patell/o
Definition
knee cap
Term
pelv/i
Definition
pelvis (basin) or hip bone
Term
radi/o
Definition
radius
Term
rhabd/o
Definition
rod-shaped or striated (skeletal)
Term
sarc/o
Definition
flesh
Term
scoli/o
Definition
twisted
Term
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
stern/o
Definition
sternum (breastbone)
Term
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Definition
tendon (to stretch)
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
ton/o
Definition
tone or tension
Term
uln/o
Definition
ulna
Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone (U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue)
Term
bone
Definition
specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bones cells; forms the skeleton
Term
compact bone
Definition
tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones
Term
spongy bone or cancellous bone
Definition
mesh-like bone tissue found in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity
Term
long bones
Definition
bones of the arms and legs
Term
short bones
Definition
bones of the wrist and ankles
Term
flat bones
Definition
bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
Term
irregular bones
Definition
bones of the vertebrae and face
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
round bones found near joints (ex. the patella)
Term
epiphysis
Definition
wide ends of a long bone (physis=growth)
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of a long bone
Term
metaphysis
Definition
growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone
Term
endosteum
Definition
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow
Term
bone marrow
Definition
soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
functions to form RBC's, some WBC's, and platelets; found in the cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
Term
periosteum
Definition
a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate
Term
articulation
Definition
a joint; the point where two bones come together
Term
bursa
Definition
a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Term
disk/disc
Definition
a flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue between the vertebrae that reduces friction
Term
nucleus pulposus
Definition
the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk
Term
ligament
Definition
a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
membrane lining the capsule of a joint
Term
synovial fluid
Definition
joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
Term
muscle
Definition
tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
Term
striated or skeletal muscle
Definition
voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
involuntary muscle found in internal organs
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
muscle of the heart
Term
origin of a muscle
Definition
muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
Term
insertion of a muscle
Definition
muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
Term
tendon
Definition
a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
Term
fascia
Definition
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
Term
anatomic or anatomical position
Definition
a term of reference that health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions: the person is assumed to be standing upright (erect), facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward
Term
body planes
Definition
reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts
Term
frontal/coronal plane
Definition
vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
Term
transverse plane
Definition
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Term
anterior (A) or ventral
Definition
front of the body
Term
posterior (P) or dorsal
Definition
back of the body
Term
anterior-posterior (AP)
Definition
from front to back, as in references to the direction of an x-ray beam
Term
posterior-anterior (PA)
Definition
from back to fron, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam
Term
superior or cephalic
Definition
situated above another structure, toward the head
Term
inferior or caudal
Definition
situated below another structure, away from the head
Term
proximal
Definition
toward the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the proximal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip
Term
distal
Definition
away from the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the distal aspect of the femur is the area at the end of the bone near the knee
Term
medial
Definition
toward the middle (midline)
Term
lateral
Definition
toward the side
Term
axis
Definition
the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part
Term
erect
Definition
normal standing position
Term
decubitus
Definition
lying down, especially in a bed; lateral decubitus is lying on the side (decumbo: to lie down)
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down and flat
Term
recumbent
Definition
lying down
Term
supine
Definition
horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back (on the spine)
Term
flexion
Definition
bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
Term
extension
Definition
straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bone is increased
Term
abduction
Definition
movement away from the body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement toward the body
Term
rotation
Definition
circular movement around an axis
Term
eversion
Definition
turning outward (ex. of a foot)
Term
inversion
Definition
turning inward (ex. of a foot)
Term
supination
Definition
turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) upward or forward
Term
pronation
Definition
turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) downward or backward
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
bending of the foot or the toes upward
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
Term
range of motion (ROM)
Definition
total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements (ex. ability to flex, extend, abduct, or adduct); measured in degrees
Term
goniometer
Definition
instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio=angle)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!