Term
Developmental psychology
-A branch of psychology that studies physical cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
Chapter 4
pg 139
zygote, psychology |
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Definition
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Term
Zygote
-The fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
Chapter 4
Pg 141
Embryo, Fetus |
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Definition
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Term
Embryo
-the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
Chapter 4
Pg 141
Zygote, Fetus |
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Definition
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Term
Fetus
-The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
Chapter 4
pg 141
Embryo, zygote |
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Definition
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Term
Teratogens
-agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Chapter 4
Pg 141
Embryo, Zygote, Fetus |
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Definition
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Term
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
-physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking.
Chapter 4
Pg 142
Rooting reflex |
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Definition
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Term
Rooting Reflex
-A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple.
Chapter 4
pg 142
FAS |
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Definition
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Term
Habituation
-Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
Chapter 4
pg 143
FAS, Rooting reflex |
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Definition
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Term
Maturation
- biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
Chapter 4
PG 145
Rooting reflex, FAS |
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Definition
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Term
Schema
-A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
Chapter 4
pg 147
Development, Maturation |
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Definition
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Term
Assimilation
-Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas.
Chapter 4
pg 149
Maturation, development, Cognition |
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Definition
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Term
Accommodation
-Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information.
Chapter 4
pg 149
Assimilation, development, schema |
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Definition
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Term
Cognition
-All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Chapter 4
Pg 149
Assimilation, Accommodation, schema |
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Definition
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Term
Sensorimotor stage
-In piaget's theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
Chapter 4
Pg 149
Assimilation, Schema, Development |
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Definition
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Term
Object permanence
-The awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved
Chapter 4
pg 149
Schema, Assimilation |
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Definition
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Term
Preoperational stage
-Piaget's theory. The stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Chapter 4
PG 150
Conservation, Ego |
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Definition
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Term
Conservation
-Piaget's principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Chapter 4
Pg 150
Operational stage, Piaget |
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Definition
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Term
Egocentrism
-Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.
Chapter 4
Pg 150
Theory of mind, conservation |
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Definition
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Term
Theory of mind
-People's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict.
Chapter 4
Pg 150
Piaget, Ego |
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Definition
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Term
Autism
-A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind.
Chapter 4
Pg 152
Childhood, Development |
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Definition
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Term
Concrete Operational stage
-Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
Chapter 4
pg 153
Piaget, childhood |
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Definition
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Term
Formal Operational Stage:
-Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
Chapter 4
Pg 154
Piaget, Development |
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Definition
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Term
Stranger anxiety
-The fear of stangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
Chapter 4
pg 154
Piaget, development |
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Definition
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Term
Attachment
-an emotional tie with another person
Chapter 4
pg 154
Piaget, stranger Anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
Critical period
-An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli produces preper development.
Chapter 4
Pg 156
Piaget, development |
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Definition
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Term
Imprinting
-The process where certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
Chapter 4
PG 156
Piaget, Critical period |
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Definition
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Term
Basic Trust
- According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
Chapter 4
PG 158
Erik Erikson |
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Definition
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Term
self-concept
-A sense of one's identity and person worth
Chapter 4
Pg 161
Piaget |
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Definition
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Term
Adolescence
-The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
Chapter 4
Pg 164
Puberty, Childhood |
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Definition
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Term
Puberty
-The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Chapter 4
pg 164
Adolescence, Development |
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Definition
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Term
Primary Sex characteristics
-The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Chapter 4
pg 164
Adolescence, puberty |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary sex characteristics
-nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair.
chapter 4
pg 164
Puberty, Adolescence |
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Definition
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Term
Menarche
-The first menstrual period
Chapter 4
Pg 167
Puberty, adolescence |
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Definition
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Term
Identity
-one's sense of self
Chapter 4
Pg 171
Adolescence, Erik Erikson |
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Definition
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Term
Intimacy
-In erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships, a primary developmental task in late adolesecnce and early adulthood.
Chapter 4
Pg 172
Puberty, identity |
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Definition
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Term
Menopause
-the time of natural cessation of mestruation.
Chapter 4
Pg 177
Development |
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Definition
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Term
Alzheimer's disease
-A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning.
Chapter 4
Pg 180
Aging, developmental, identity |
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Definition
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Term
Cross-sectional study
-A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
Chapter 4
pg 183
Longitudinal study, correlation |
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Definition
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Term
Longitudinal study
-Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.
Chapter 4
Pg 183
Cross-sectional study, Case study |
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Definition
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Term
Crystallized intelligence
-one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Chapter 4
pg 184
Fluid intelligence |
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Definition
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Term
Fluid intelligence
-One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly
Chapter 4
Pg 184
Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
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Term
Social Clock
-The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
Chapter 4
pg 187
Developmental psychology |
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Definition
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