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| Judges deny legislators or the executive the power to do something unconstitutional. |
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| The protections of citizens from improper governmental action. |
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| Guarantees the rights of free expression and action that are fundamental to a democratic government. |
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| A constitutional doctrine whereby selected provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the due process clause of the 14th amendment. |
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| The 1st Amendment clause that says, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establisgment of religion." This law means that a wall of separation exists between church and state. |
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| The 1st Amendment clause that protects a citizen's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses. |
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| A written statement made in "reckless disregard of the trurth" and considered damaging to a victim because it is "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory." |
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| The standard by which an officer or agent of the law has the grounds to obtain a warrant for, or as an exception to the warrant requirements for, making an arrest or conducting a personal or property search, etc. when criminal charges are being considered. |
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| A legal document authorizing a police officer or other official to enter and search the premisies. |
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| Guarantees due process which means the state adn the country must respect your legal rights. |
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| Guarantees the right to trial by jury in criminal cases. |
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| Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. |
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| The right to be let alone, which has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to entail free access to birth control and abortions. |
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Equal Protection of the Law |
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| Requires that states guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protections to all citizens. |
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| A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accomodations, public facilities, and employment. |
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| A tex levied on all adults with out reference to income or resources. |
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| Guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex. |
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| A strategy that attempts to correct past injustices |
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| The process of determining what a particular statute means so that a court may apply it accurately. |
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| A statement of the rights of US citizens. |
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| All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein they reside. |
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| A legal doctrine that protects the rights, immunities and privileges of U.S. citizens from state laws. |
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| A case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Pennsylvania's 1968 Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act (represented through David Kurtzman), which allowed the state Superintendent of Public Instruction to reimburse nonpublic schools (most of which were Catholic) for the salaries of teachers who taught secular material in these nonpublic schools, secular textbooks and secular instructional materials, violated the Esrablishment Clause of the First Amendment. |
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