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| A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+. |
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| A small, very toxic molecule (NH3) produced by nitrogen fixation or as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism. |
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| A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. |
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| A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. |
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| One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other. |
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| A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions. |
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| One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent arrangements but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds. |
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| An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. |
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| A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols. |
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| One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom. |
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| The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds). |
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| A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. |
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| A soluble nitrogenous waste produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide. |
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