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| major type of terrestrial community. has a particular mix of plants and animals adapted to living under a certain environmental condition. Distribution determined by physical factors such as climate-temp+rain- which varies according to latitude and altitude. |
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| Encircles Earth just south of ice-covered polar seas,20% of Earth's surface, cold and dark much of the year, @ 20cm rain=like desert, pooling water in summer b/c little evaporation, only top layer thaws, permafrost=always frozen, no trees, yes short grasses sedges lichens mosses darg woody shrubs, a few animals. polar bears |
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| occurs above the timberline on mountain ranges, similar to arctic tundra, but not the same. |
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| Coniferous forest,around world in northern NA and EA, near mountain tops (Mountane coniferous forest) alond pacific coast, cone-bearing trees, limited understory of plants some mosses and d lichens, cold, lakes and streams, animals. |
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| coniferous forest that runs along west coast Canada and US, plentiful rainfall from Pacific winds and rich soil, some to the tallest conifers-redwoods, evergreen mosses ferns and otehr grow on trunks. |
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| Temperate Deciduous Forests New England |
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| South of taiga in easter NA A and much of E, moderate climate with relatively high rainfall, seasons are well defined and long growing seson, trees have broad leaves, lose leaves in fall and grow in spring, canopy and understory shrub layer and mosses lichens and ferns, variety of habitats, birds insects ground life mammals amphibians reptiles, rich soil, fruits nuts berries. |
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| SA, A, Indo-Malayan near equator, always warm and plentiful rainfall, may be richest in terms of kinds of species and abundance, levels of life, most animals live in trees some on ground, abundant insects, epiphytes(plants that grow on other plants), some forests have wet and dry seasons, soil not rich enough for agriculture, Slash-and-burn. |
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Definition
shorter than trees with a woody, persistent stem and no central trunk, small but thick evergreen leaves, thick underground roots=survive dry and fire, coasts w/ dry summers and receive most rain in winter.
Chaparral-lacks an understory and ground litter, highly flammable.
Many seeds require heate and fire scarring to start germination. |
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Definition
| annual rainfall is greater than 25cm but generally insufficient to support trees, grasses well adapted to changing environments-grazing, flooding, drought, fire- drier=shorter, grow in different seasons, some animals migrate, hibernate when little available. |
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| American prairie, agriculture |
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| grasslands that contain some trees, a relatively cool dry season is followed by a hot rainy one, African has greatest variety of herbivores and they support carnivores. |
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| usually at latitudes of about 30d in N and S hemispheres, winds lack moisture, rain less than 25cm, days hot nights cold, some like sahara have little or no vegetation, most have variety of plants, cacti, shrubs, some animals reptiles insects running birds rodents, larger mamals coyote hawks. |
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