Term
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Definition
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Term
| Circulatory System contains |
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Definition
Muscular pump (heart)
Fluid(blood)
Series of conduits (blood Vessels)
aka cardiovascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| Open: vessels empty their fluid directly into the tissues,@ other locations the Extracellular fluid flows back into the circulatory system to be pumped back out again, fluid is considered hemolymph, and returns to the heart through valves called ostia |
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Term
Closed Circulatory system
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Definition
Closed: vessels completely contain the circulating fluid, blood, in a continuous system of vessels, fluid is considered blood
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Term
| Advantages of Closed system |
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Definition
| Advantages- Fluid can flow more rapidly through vessels than through intercellular spaces and => transports nutrients and wastes to and from tissues more rapidly, closed systems can be selective in directing blood to specific tissues, and specialized cells and large molecules that aid in transport of hormones and nutrients can be kept within the vessels but can drop their cargo in tissues when needed |
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Term
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Definition
Blood Plasma- fluid in the circulatory system
Interstitial fluid-fluid around the cells |
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Term
| Not All animals have circulatory systems, why? |
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Definition
they are unnecessary if all of the cells are close enough to the external environment that nutrients, respiratory gases, and wastes can diffuse between the cells and the environment.
Also, many of these animals have flattened thin body shapes that maximize the amt of surface area that is in contact with the external environment and minimizes the diffusion path length for the exchanges between cell and environment |
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Term
Pulmonary & Systematic Circuits
&
pathway of blood |
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Definition
Pulmonary circuit is when blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart (oxygenation) whereas systematic circuit blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body then back to the heart.
Arteries>capillaries>venules>veins |
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Term
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Definition
Atrium- recieves blood from the body and pumps it into a more muscular chamber
Ventricle-pumps blood into the gills where gases are exchanged, blood leaves ventricle through aorta which distributes blood to smaller arteries and arterioles leading to all the organs and tissues of the body |
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Term
| Amphibians & some Reptiles 3-chambered Hearts |
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Definition
Atria(2)-recieve blood returning to the heart
Ventricle(1)-pumps blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body, bcuz both atria deliver blood to the same ventricle oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood can mix, therefore blood going to the tissues wouldnt be fully oxygenated. |
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Term
| Birds & Mammals have fully separated pulmonary and systematic circuits, 4 chambered hearts |
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Definition
| -Oxygen and deoxygenated blood can't mix, => the systematic circuit always receives fully oxygenated blood. Respiratory gas exchange is maximized cuz the blood witht he lowest oxygen content and highest co2 content is sent to the lungs. |
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Term
| Path of blood through Mammalian Heart |
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Definition
| Deoxygenated blood travels from the superior and inferior vena cava to the RA through the atrioventricular valve to the RV through the pulmonary valve to the Lungs where there is then gas exchange blood is now oxygenated and in the veins, travels through the LA through atrioventricular valve to LV through aortic valve to aorta to the body |
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Term
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Definition
Contraction of the 2 atria and 2 ventricles, then relaxation
Systole:contraction of ventricles
Diastol:relaxation of ventricles
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Term
| 2 steps of heart contraction |
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Definition
1. ventricles begin to contract, the pressure in the ventricles rise above the atria's pressure, so blood flows back into the atria and the atrioventricular valve closes (lub)
2. When the ventricles begin to relax, the high pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery causes blood to start to flow back into the ventricles, and this flow of blood closes the aortic and pulmonary valve (dup) |
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Term
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Definition
| When the AV valve is defective and does not close completely, blood will flow back into the atrium with a "whoosh" sound following the "lub" |
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Term
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Definition
| ECG- records of electrical events in the cardiac muscle during the cardiac cycle |
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Term
| Red Blood Cells Properties |
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Definition
1.Erythrocytes=flexible discs packed w/hemoglobin. Function in transporting respiratory gases, on avg there are 5-6 million RBC's per microliter of blood
2. Generated by stem cells in bone marrow, particularly ribs, breastbone, pelvis, and vertebrea
3.RBC production is controlled by the hormone erythropoietin, which is released by the kidneys in response to insufficient oxygen.
4. Each RBC will circulate for approx 120 days |
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Term
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Definition
1.Cell fragments from cells called megakaryocytes(found in bone marrow)
2. have no organelle, but do have the necessary enzymes needed to seal leaks in blood cells & initiate blood clotting
3.Clotting factors make platelets stick enough 2 expand and stick together to restrict blood loss,Hemophilia= inability 2 produce 1 clotting factor |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood, contains dissolved gases, ions, nutrient molecules (glucose, amino acids, lipids, cholesterol, and lactic acid), proteins, and other molecules (hormones and vitamins) |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscles in cell walls of the arteries and arterioles allow vessels 2 constrict or dilate Neural or hormonal mechanisms control the resistance of the vessels by influencing the contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the vessel walls. |
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