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Chapter 47 - Drugs for GI Tract Disorders
N/A
17
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
11/07/2011

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Term
What are some less common causes of vomiting?
Definition
Shock, antineoplastics, radiation, and disturbances of the middle ear that affect equilibrium.
Term
Antiemetics can mask the underlying cause of vomiting and should not be used until the cause has been determined, unless:
Definition
The vomiting is so severe as to cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Term
What are the two major cerebral centers that cause vomiting when stimulated?
Definition
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ, lies near the medulla)
&
Vomiting center (In the medulla)
Term
Which center receives most of the impulses from drugs, toxins, and the vestibular center in the ear and transmits them to the vomiting center?
Definition
CTZ
Term
Which neurotransmitter stimulates the CTZ, which in turn stimulates the ____.
Definition
Dopamine
Vomiting center
Term
Levodopa is a drug with dopamine-like properties. It acts by stimulating
Definition
the CTZ
Term
What sensory impulses are transmitted directly to the vomiting center?
Definition
Odor
Smell
Taste
Gastric mucosal irritation
Term
The neurotransmitter _______ is a vomiting stimulant?
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
What happens when the vomiting center is stimulated?
Definition
The motor center is stimulated.
The motor neuron responds by causing contraction of the diaphragm, the anterior abdominal muscles, and the stomach.
The glottis closes.
The abdominal wall moves upward.
Vomiting occurs.
Term
When N/V occurs, what measures should be used first?
Definition
Non-pharmacological
Term
If nonpharmacologic measures are not ineffective, what is combined with these measures?
Definition
Antiemetics
Term
Nonprescription antiemitics include (4):
Definition
Antihistamines
Bismuth
Subsalicylate
Phosphorated carbohydrate solution
Term
Prescription antiemetics include (7):
Definition
Antihistamines
Dopamine antagonists
Benzodiazepines
Serotonin antagonists
Glucocorticoids
Cannabinoids
Misc.
Term
Nonpharmacologic methods of decreasing N/V include
Definition
Weak tea
Flattened carbonated beverages
Gelatin
Gatorade/Pedialyte
Crackers/Toast
IV fluids to restore fluid balance
Term
Non rx antiemetics frequently used to prevent:
Definition
Motion sickness
Term
Non rx antiemetics have a minimal effect on controlling severe vomiting resulting from:
Definition
Anticancer agents
Radiation
Toxins
Term
To relieve motion sickness, antivomiting agents should be administered at least __ minutes before travel.
Definition
30
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