Term
What are some less common causes of vomiting? |
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Definition
Shock, antineoplastics, radiation, and disturbances of the middle ear that affect equilibrium. |
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Term
Antiemetics can mask the underlying cause of vomiting and should not be used until the cause has been determined, unless: |
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Definition
The vomiting is so severe as to cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. |
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Term
What are the two major cerebral centers that cause vomiting when stimulated? |
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Definition
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ, lies near the medulla) & Vomiting center (In the medulla) |
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Term
Which center receives most of the impulses from drugs, toxins, and the vestibular center in the ear and transmits them to the vomiting center? |
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Definition
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Term
Which neurotransmitter stimulates the CTZ, which in turn stimulates the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
Levodopa is a drug with dopamine-like properties. It acts by stimulating |
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Definition
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Term
What sensory impulses are transmitted directly to the vomiting center? |
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Definition
Odor Smell Taste Gastric mucosal irritation |
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Term
The neurotransmitter _______ is a vomiting stimulant? |
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Definition
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Term
What happens when the vomiting center is stimulated? |
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Definition
The motor center is stimulated. The motor neuron responds by causing contraction of the diaphragm, the anterior abdominal muscles, and the stomach. The glottis closes. The abdominal wall moves upward. Vomiting occurs. |
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Term
When N/V occurs, what measures should be used first? |
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Definition
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Term
If nonpharmacologic measures are not ineffective, what is combined with these measures? |
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Definition
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Term
Nonprescription antiemitics include (4): |
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Definition
Antihistamines Bismuth Subsalicylate Phosphorated carbohydrate solution |
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Term
Prescription antiemetics include (7): |
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Definition
Antihistamines Dopamine antagonists Benzodiazepines Serotonin antagonists Glucocorticoids Cannabinoids Misc. |
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Term
Nonpharmacologic methods of decreasing N/V include |
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Definition
Weak tea Flattened carbonated beverages Gelatin Gatorade/Pedialyte Crackers/Toast IV fluids to restore fluid balance |
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Term
Non rx antiemetics frequently used to prevent: |
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Definition
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Term
Non rx antiemetics have a minimal effect on controlling severe vomiting resulting from: |
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Definition
Anticancer agents Radiation Toxins |
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Term
To relieve motion sickness, antivomiting agents should be administered at least __ minutes before travel. |
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Definition
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