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Chapter 4-6 Fill-in-the blank Questions
Exam 2 Blank Questions
33
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/25/2015

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Term
The two parts of consciousness are _____ and _____.
Definition
Awareness and Arousal
Term
Thinking about your own though processes is called _____.
Definition
Metacognition
Term
Understanding that other people have private thoughts and knowledge is called a(n) _____.
Definition
Theory of Mind
Term
REM stands for _____.
Definition
Rapid Eye Movement
Term
The sleep disorder characterized by stopping breathing is _____.
Definition
Sleep Apnea
Term
Needing to take increasingly larger amounts of a drug to achieve the same effect is known as _____.
Definition
Tolerance
Term
Psychoactive substances that cuase changes in a person's perceptions, including visual hallucinations, are called _____.
Definition
Hallucinogens
Term
Many of the body's physical processes, such as temperature and alertness, fluctuate on a daily cycle.  This cycle is known as a(n) _____.
Definition
Circadian Rhythm
Term
According to Freud, dreams can have hidden meanings, which reflect unconscious wishes and fears.  He called this hidden layer the dream's _____.
Definition
Latent Content
Term
Cocaine is the category of drugs known as _____.
Definition
Stimulants
Term
The initial development of a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus is called ____.
Definition
Acquisition
Term
The time interval between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus is referred to as the ____.
Definition
Contiguity
Term
The _____ states that behaviors that are followed by a reward will increase in frequency, while behaviors that are followed by a punishment will decrease in frequency.
Definition
Law of Effect
Term
Rewarding an animal for completing behaviors that are closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior is called ____.
Definition
Shaping
Term
When parents use the principles of operant conditioning to encourage their children to develop healthy habits, this process is called ____.
Definition
Applied Behavior Analysis (behavior modification)
Term
A stimulus that leads to a response without any prior learning whatsoever is known as a(n) ____ stimulus.
Definition
Unconditioned
Term
A trainer can teach an animal to engage in behaviors that are similar to those engaged in by humans.  However, the animal may revert to the behaviors that are more consistent with its species.  This phenomenon is known as ____.
Definition
Instinctive Drift
Term
Behavior that is learned, but is not displayed until a reward is given is an example of ____.
Definition
Latent Learning
Term
When a response is followed by the removal of something unpleasant, this is called ____.
Definition
Negative Reinforcement
Term
Some reinforcers are only valuable to us because we have learned to value them.  These are known as ____ reinforcers.
Definition
Secondary
Term
In terms of memory encoding, focusing on more than one thing simultaneously is called ____.
Definition
Divided Attention
Term
The theory that says memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons is called _____.
Definition
Connectionism (parallel distributed processing)
Term
Auditory sensory memory is called ____ memory.
Definition
Echoic
Term
Within working memory, the ____ integrates information from the phonological loop, the visuospatial scratch pad, and long-term memory.
Definition
Central executive
Term
The ____ phenomenon refers to the experience of a person being confident that he or she knows something, but not being able to retrieve the information from memory.
Definition
Tip-of-the-tongue
Term
It is usually easier to remember things that come at the beginning of a list than to remember those that come in the middle of a list.  This is called the ____ effect.
Definition
Primacy
Term
Viviedly remembering the specifics of an important event is called a(n) ____.
Definition
Flashbulb memory
Term
____ says that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade over time.
Definition
Decay theory
Term
____ occurs when a persons forgets a painful memory, and then forgets that the memory ever existed in the first place.
Definition
Repression
Term
A difficulty or lack of ability to form new long-term memories is called _____ amnesia.
Definition
Anterograde
Term
Memory for personal events is known as ____ memory
Definition
Episodic
Term
Nondeclarative memory is also known as ____ memory
Definition
Implicit
Term
_____ is the process by which information gets into memory in the first place.
Definition
Encoding
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