Term
| Why are patients with chronic kidney conditions prone to anemia? |
|
Definition
| their kidneys don't produce enough erythropoietin, which stimulates RBC production |
|
|
Term
| how does renal ischemia help increase blood pressure |
|
Definition
| Renal ischemia: Renin produced by juxtaglomerular cells: helps convert angiotensinogen in the liver into angiotensin I: angiotensin I converts into angiotensin II in the lungs: angiotensin II stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone: aldosterone causes retention of water and increase in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| which hormones produced by the kidneys increase renal blood flow? |
|
Definition
| prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin |
|
|
Term
| by which mechanism do kidneys affect calcium regulation |
|
Definition
| by producing a substance that converts vitamin D into its active form |
|
|
Term
| what is renal colic often caused by? |
|
Definition
| obstruction in a urether, which causes strong peristaltic contractions, which try to push the blockage into the bladder |
|
|
Term
| muscle controlling the bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the bladder is palpable above the pubic symphysis that means that... |
|
Definition
| bladder is probably distended (possibly very full) |
|
|
Term
| what is reflex incontinence caused by? |
|
Definition
| damage to the spinal cord above the sacral region |
|
|
Term
| when does overflow incontinence happen |
|
Definition
| when bladder pressure exceeds the external sphincter pressure |
|
|
Term
| Increase nitrogenous waste in blood, coma, convulsions, headache, nausea, vomiting characterize... and are results of which disease? |
|
Definition
| uremic syndrome, end stage renal disease |
|
|
Term
| General name for treatments indicated for end stage renal disease |
|
Definition
| renal replacement therapies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peritoneal dialysis
hemodialysis |
|
|
Term
| dialysis method which uses sterile electrolyte solution that is introduced in the peritoneum and then drained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dialysis that involves diffusion, osmosis and ultrafiltration, as well as an artificial semipermeable membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| waking up to void one or more times during the night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive output of urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased urine production |
|
|
Term
| effect of alcohol on urine production |
|
Definition
| increases urine production because it inhibits the Antidiuretic Hormone |
|
|
Term
| two hormones that reduce urine output (surgery) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of anesthetics and narcotics on urine output |
|
Definition
| reduce urine output by slowing down glomerular filtration |
|
|
Term
| patient voids 25-6o ml of urine, 2-3 times in an hour but fullness and discomfort and bladder distention still persist. this can indicate.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three risks of prolongued urinary retention |
|
Definition
| 1. uti, 2. kidney stones, 3.hyperreflexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of urine left in the bladder after the patient has voided |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bladder scanner
2. straight/intermittent catheter |
|
|
Term
| most frequent cause of UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do microorganisms grow better in retained urine? |
|
Definition
| retained urine becomes more alkaline |
|
|
Term
| pain and burning during urination = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incontinence seem more in younger women, often associated with UTIs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incontinence seen more in older women due to weaker muscles that control the bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sudden involuntary contractions of the muscles of the bladder is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| basic description of the continent urinary reservoir involving the ileo-cecal valve |
|
Definition
| pouch made of distal ileum and proximal colon; stoma must be catherized 4-6 times a day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a nephrostomy involves... |
|
Definition
| tube placed directly into the renal pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voiding at night, without waking up (usually in children) |
|
|
