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dark layer of the oceans where sunlight does not enter or penetrate
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organisms that live attached to, or near the bottom of lakes, streams, or oceans
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thick (or dense) covering formed by the leafy tops
of tall rain forest trees
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average weather conditions over long periods
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symbiotic (or close) relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
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competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time |
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refers to trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles
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term used to refer to a type of tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year
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Definition
series of gradual changes that occur in a
community following a disturbance
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kind of wetland formed where a river meets the ocean
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greenhouse effect
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Definition
process in which certain gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor) trap sunlight energy in Earth's atmosphere as heat
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Definition
area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it
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Definition
interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on the producers (such as plants)
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material formed from decaying leaves and other organic material
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Definition
single species that is not usually abundant in the community yet exerts strong control on the structure of a community
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Definition
environmental conditions that vary over small distances |
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Definition
symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship
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Term
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Definition
full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
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Definition
symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it
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Term
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Definition
layer of permanently frozen subsoil found in the tundra
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Term
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Definition
sunlight region near the surface of water
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Term
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Definition
first species to populate an area during succession
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Term
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Definition
microscopic organisms that live in aquatic environments;
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Definition
interaction in which one organism (the predator)captures and feeds on another organism (the prey)
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Definition
succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present
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Definition
any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space |
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Definition
Occurs where a disturbance affects the community without completely destroying it. Often follows a wildfire, hurricane, or other natural disturbance. Proceeds faster than primary succession. |
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relationship in which 2 species live close together
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Definition
Dense (thick) forests of coniferous evergreens along the Northern edge of the temperature zone.
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Term
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Definition
ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under circumstance that differ from their optimal conditions
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Term
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Definition
In the shade below the canopy, shorter trees and vines form a layer called the ________________.
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Term
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Definition
day to day conditions of the Earth's atmosphere
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An ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year.
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Term
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Definition
tropical, temperate, polar |
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Term
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Definition
This area receives nearly direct sunlight all year, includes the equator. |
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Term
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Definition
Between 23.5 degrees & 66.5 degrees north and south latitudes.
Receives very different amounts of solar energy at different times of the year because Earth's axis is tilted. |
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Term
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Definition
Located between 66.5 degrees and 90 degrees north and south latitudes. |
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Term
Earth's rotation causes winds to blow generally from ____ to ____ over the temperate zones. |
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Definition
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Earth's rotation causes winds to blow generally from ____ to ____ over the tropics and the poles. |
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Definition
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Term
Ocean currents transport enormous amounts of ____. |
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Definition
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Examples of resources for animals: |
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Definition
nesting space, shelter, types of food, places to feed |
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Example of resources for plants: |
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Definition
sunlight, water, soil nutrients |
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Term
Competition can occur among members of the same species known as _________, and
between members of different species known as _________. |
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Definition
intraspecific, asinterspecific |
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