Term
epithelial tissue
covers______ and forms ______
lacks what?
functions? |
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Definition
covers body surfaces and forms glands
lacks blood vessels (avascular)
1. protects underlying structures
2. acts as barrier
3. permits the passage of substances (oxygen)
4. secretes substances (sweat)
5. absorbs substances (regulated by carrier proteins) |
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Term
| SIMPLE epithelium functions |
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Definition
allows diffusion of gasses
filtration of blood
secretion
absorption |
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Term
| STRATIFIED epithelium functions |
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Definition
| protection against abrasion |
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Term
| SQUAMOUS epithelium functions |
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Definition
allows diffusion
acts as a filter |
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Term
| CUBOIDAL/COLUMNAR functions |
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Definition
secretion
absorption
includes goblet cells- produce and secrete mucous |
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Term
| simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
-single layer
-flattened
-diffusion, filtration, secretion
- lining of blood vessels/heart
-lymphatic vessels
-kidney tubules |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
-one layer
-cube shaped
-some have cilia or microvilli
-kidney tubules *absorption *secretion
-glands and ducts *secretion
-bronchioles of lungs *cilia moves mucus |
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Term
| simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
-single layer
-tall, narrow cells
-some have cilia or microvilli
-stomach, intestines *absorption, secretion
-uterus, uterine tubes
-ventricles of brain
-glands and some ducts |
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Term
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Definition
-many layers
-flat cells
-protects against abrasion
-mouth, vagina (non-keratinized)
-skin (keratinized) |
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Term
| stratified cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
-many layers
-cube cells
-sweat gland ducts
-salivary gland ducts
*secretion,absorption, protection against infection |
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Term
| stratified columnar epithelium |
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Definition
-many layers
-tall, narrow cells
- protects against abrasion, allows secretion
-larnyx
-mammary gland ducts |
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Term
| pseudo stratified columnar epithelium |
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Definition
-single layer
-some cells reach surface, some do not
-nucleus at different levels and appear stratified
-almost always CILLIATED
-associated with goblet cells that secrete mucous
-trachea, bronchus,pharynx, nasal cavity, |
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Term
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Definition
-cube shaped when not stretched
-squamous when stretched
-bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| disc shaped structures with adhesive glycoproteins and intermediate filaments that bind cells together |
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Term
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Definition
| holds cell together, forms permeability barrier (prevents passage from one cell to another) |
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Term
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Definition
| contact region containing protein channels that aid in intercellular communication by allowing ions to pass between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelium with supporting network of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
-no ducts
-separated from epithelium of origin
-have blood vessels
-hormones secreted into blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
-still connected to epithelium of origin
-have ducts (lined by epithelium) |
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Term
| unicellular exocrine glands |
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Definition
composed of a single cell
*goblet cells- secrete mucous |
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Term
multicellular exocrine glands
2 structure types
2 secretory region types |
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Definition
simple- having one duct
compound- having ducts that branch
tubular- glands with secretory regions shaped like tubes
acinar/alveolar-glands with secretory regions shaped in saclike structures |
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Term
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Definition
merocrine- most common, secretions released with no cellular material being lost, secretions may be actively transported or packaged in vesicles ** sweat glands
appocrine- secretions released as fragments of the gland cells (portions of cells pinched off to become part of secretion) **mammary glands
holocrine-secretion is shedding of entire cells, products accumulate in plasma membrane of each cell and the cell ruptures and dies. **sebaceous oil glands of skin |
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Term
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Definition
abundant, found in every organ
consists of cells separated by extracellular matrix
functions:
1. encloses organs and separates tissues (kidney and liver is surrounded by connective tissue)
2. connect tissues to one and other (tendons and ligaments)
3. support and movement (bone)
4.storage and cushion, insulation (fat)
5. transport (blood)
6. protection |
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Term
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Definition
blast- builder
cyte-maintainer
clast- breakers |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to injury, secrete histamine (anti-inflammatory) |
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Term
| undifferentiated mesenchymal cells |
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Definition
| adult stem cell, make other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| eat debris, foreign and injured cells |
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Term
protein fiber types of matrix
(3) |
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Definition
collagen- must abundant protein, strong/flexible,
reticular- thin, branch out, not as strong as collagen fibers
elastic- made of elastin protein, stretch and recoil |
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Term
| embryonic connective tissue types |
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Definition
mesenchyme- irregular shaped cells, abundant cellular matrix, many reticular fibers, *all other tissues form from this
mucus- found in umbilical cord |
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Term
| adult connective tissue types |
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Definition
connective tissue proper
-loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
-dense (regular, irregular)
supporting connective tissue
-bone
-cartilage
fluid connective tissue |
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Term
LOOSE (connective tissue proper)
3 types |
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Definition
LOOSE- relatively few protein fibers, numerous spaces
areolar-"loose packing" material of most organs and other tissues *attaches skin to underlying tissue *underneath basement membrane
adipose tissue- consists of adipocytes which contain large amount of lipids, large cells, small amount of extracellular matrix *insulation, protection, storage *signant ring form
yellow adipose-most abundant
brown- babies, and back of neck
reticular tissue- fine network of reticular fibers, irregularly arranged **lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow |
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Term
DENSE (connective tissue proper)
2 types (2 types of each type) |
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Definition
dense connective- thicker, larger amount of protein fibers
1. dense REGULAR- protein fibers oriented in one direction
d.r. collagenous-abundant collagen fibers, resist stretching, give strength in direction of fibers *tendons, ligaments
d.r. elastic- consists of collagen and elastic fibers *elastic ligaments, vocal folds, nuchal ligament (back of neck)
2. Dense irregular- fibers randomly arranged, or in alternating planes of fibers oriented in same direction *strength in many directions but not as much in any single direction as dense regular
D.I. collagenous- forms most of the *dermis* and connective tissue capsules surrounding organs such as kidney and spleen
D.I. elastic- stretches, found in *walls of elastic arteries* |
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Term
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Definition
| hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen fibers small and evenly dispersed, allows growth of long bones, rigidity but flexibility provided **knee |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen fibers similar to hyaline, but more numerous, thick bundles. withstands pressure, somewhat flexible *intervertebral disc |
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Term
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Definition
like hyaline but has has elastic fibers making it more flexible
*ears, epiglottis |
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Term
inorganic part of bone is called?
what does it contain? |
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Definition
| hydroxapatite - calcium and phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
has spaces between trabecular (plates) of bone
acts as scaffolding to provide strength and support without the greater weight of compact bones
*found in interior of bones of the skull, vertebrae, pelvis, and in the ends of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
- hard, bony matrix predominates, many osteocytes(in lacunae) line the outside circle of the central canal
-provides great strength and support
-outer shell on bone
-keeps them from being easily broken
**outer portion of all bones, shafts of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
matrix between cells in liquid
-matrix is produced by cells contained in other tissues
-contains red blood cells,white blood cells, and platelets
*hemopoietic tissue- forms blood cells, found in bone marrow (soft connective tissue in cavities of bones)
red marrow- produces white and red blood cells (surrounded by reticular fibers)
yellow marrow- doesn't produce blood cells, consists of yellow adipose tissue (takes over some red marrow as we get older) |
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