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Chapter 4
(ch.4) Tissue: The Living Fabric
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/23/2013

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Term
tissue
Definition
groups of cells similar in structure that perform a common function
Term
cellularity
Definition
composed almost entirely of cells; covered outside of body or line inside of internal cavities
Term
apical surface
Definition
free; exposed to exterior environment or interior of cavity
Term
basal cavity
Definition
attached to underlying connective tissue
Term
avascular
Definition
no blood supply; diffusion from blood vessels of connective tissue
Term
innervated
Definition
supplied by nerve fibers
Term
regenerative
Definition
rapidly replaces lost cells by cell division (stratified epithelial tissue)
Term
absorption
Definition
substance passes through cell into blood or lymph
Term
secretion
Definition
release of a substance made by a cell to its exterior
Term
filtration
Definition
exchange of substances by diffusion (ex: gases)
Term
excretion
Definition
elimination of waste (ex: metabolic waste products by biochemical bonds)
Term
protection
Definition
barrier between two environments by selective permeability
Term
simple
Definition
single layer of cells
Term
stratified
Definition
many layers of cells stacked on each other
Term
shape at apical surface
Definition
what are cells named for?
Term
gland
Definition
one or more cells that makes a secretion and releases (secretes) it to the exterior of the cell
Term
multicellular
Definition
developed form epithelial tissue
Term
unicellular
Definition

individual cells that are a part of the covering and lining epithelial tissue

 

Term
endocrine glands
Definition
ductless glands
(ex: thyroid, pituitary, testes, ovaries)
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
secretions (hormones) released from cell via exocytosis into ECF then enters bloodstream
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
secrete products onto body surface or into cavities
Term
merocrine
Definition
products are secreted by exocytosis into duct
(ex: sweat glands)
Term
holocrine
Definition
products are secreted by the rupture of gland cells into duct
(ex: sebaceous glands)
*mitotic process!
Term
mesenchyme
Definition
common tissue of origin
Term
vascularity
Definition
varying degrees
Term
ground substance
Definition
unstructured material between cells.
sieve through which nutrients diffuse between blood capillaries and cells
Term
fibers
Definition
long, protein strands
Term
collagen
Definition
fiber that has tensile (pulling) strength
Term
elastic
Definition
thin fibers; allow stretch and recoil
Term
connective tissue
Definition
composted of ground substance, fibers, and cells
composed of widely scattered cells within extracellular matrix
Term
chondrocytes
Definition
active cartilage cells
Term
fibroblasts
Definition
active connective tissue proper (most)
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
active bone cells
Term
hematopoletic stem cells
Definition
active blood cells
Term
~cytes
Definition
inactive, mature form of cells
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
elongated cells that use ATP to generate force (contract)
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
two cell types: neurons and neuroglial cells
Term
neurons
Definition
specialized cells; conduct electrical signals
Term
neuroglial cells
Definition
support, insulate and protect neurons
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
function is to transmit electrical signals to and from muscles and glands
Term
special contacts
Definition
froms continuos sheets held together by tight junctions and desmosomes
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
serves as a boundary between environments
Term
secretion
Definition
aqueous fluid containing proteins, steroids, or lipids depending on glands
Term
connective tissue cells
Definition
active form (~blast) secretes fibers and ground substance
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