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Chapter 4
Carbon and the molecular diversity of life
8
Biology
Not Applicable
02/04/2013

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Term
Organic Chemistry
Definition
The branch of chemisty that specializes in the study of carbon compounds
Term
Hydrocarbons
Definition
organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
Term
isomers
Definition
one of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. 3 types of of isomers are structural isomers, cis-trans isomer and enantiomers.
Term
Structural isomers
Definition
one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
Term
Cis-trans isomers
Definition
one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibilty of double bonds, formerly called geometric isomers
Term
Enantiomers
Definition
isomers that mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon, one that is attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms
Term
Functional groups
Definition
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reaction.
Term
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Definition
An Adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phoshate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
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