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| An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. |
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| One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. |
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| One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds; formerly called a geometric isomer. |
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| One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymetric carbon. |
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| One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and enantiomers. |
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| A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions. |
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| A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols. |
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| A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. |
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| A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom. |
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| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) |
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Definition
| An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells. |
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