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Pre-operational children project their own emotions into inanimate objects and say things like "the trees are sad." This is known to developmental psychologists as________. (Be careful -- some of these terms may be used by other kinds of psychologists for something different from how the term is used in this chapter.)
A) Imagination
B) Centration
C) Animism
D) Symbolism
E) Prognosis |
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Check all the practices and theories in early education that are derived from or in line with Piaget's theories. (As many as you want.)(Even if others have said the same thing, your job here is to say "Yeah, Piaget said that," or not.)
A) Learning centers and discovery learning are good teaching tools.
B) A lot of drill and repetition is a good teaching tool.
C) A good method is moving up gradually, in small steps, from something a child understands to a slightly harder thing.
D) "Multiple intelligences" are the MOST important key to understanding children's cognitive development.
E) Children should be guided to understand their mistakes instead of just being told they're wrong.
F) Children learn best in highly structured and disciplined settings. |
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In Piaget's theory, pick the one that best explains assimilation and accommodation.
A) Children accommodate themselves to their environments, in a process known as assimilation.
B) Babies have "schemes" that organize experience. Assimilation means quickly adding new experience into existing schemes. Accommodation means modifying the schemes themselves, based on experience.
C) In the zones of of proximal development, assimilation refers to what babies can learn on their own, and accommodation refers to learning that happens best when guided by an adult.
D) Assimilation is a physical process; accommodation is a cognitive process. |
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In Piaget's theories, when is the formal operational period?
A) Starting in Adolescence, or around age 11 -- extends through adulthood.
B) About age 7-11
C) Preschool age
D) Infancy |
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Choose all the theories and applications that come mainly from Vygotsky. (Some of these are topics addressed by others. Your job here is to identify V's main ideas, the things he's known for.)
A) Operant conditioning
B) Zone of proximal development
C) Scaffolding
D) Information processing
E) Private speech for self-regulation
F) Theories of speech acquisition.
G) Theories about grammar. |
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Young children learn many things -- but which ONE of these is the "grand insight" that is needed for language development?
A) A baby's recognition that he/she exists separate from others.
B) Recognition that words are symbols.
C) Recognition that one's actions bring results.
D) Recognition that other humans have their own experience (sometimes called "science of mind.")
E) Development of what the book calls "naive physics," "naive biology," etc. |
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The question "How do children learn grammar?" is answered differently by different psychological schools. Which one of the following summarizes the "linguistic" theory?
A) All language is learned through imitation and reinforcement.
B) We are born with innate language processing abilities; so language is to some extent an inborn capacity, not just derived from learning.
C) Children learn language and grammar by information-processing, noticing patterns in what they hear around them. |
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About what age does the learning of words happen extremely fast? (The book uses the term "naming explosion" for this period.
A) around 12 months
B) 15-18 months
C) around 24 months (2 years)
D) around 30 months (2 1/2 years)
E) Children vary so much, you can't generalize. |
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