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| The psychological specialty that studies how organisms change over time as the result of biological and environmental influences. |
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| Piaget would pose problems, observe the responses, slightly alter situations, and observe their responses again. (3 main ideas distinguish Piaget's approach) |
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| In Piaget's theory, mental structures or programs that guide a developing child's thought. |
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| A mental process that modifies new information to fit into existing schemes. |
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| A mental process that restructures existing schemes so that new information is better understood. |
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| Stages of Cognitive Development |
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Definition
| The way a child thinks about the world progresses through 4 stages of cognitive growth. |
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| The first stage in Piaget's theory, during which the child relies heavily on initiate motor responses to stimuli. |
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| The ability to form internal images of objects and events. |
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| The second stage in Piaget's theory, marked by well developed mental representation and the use of language. |
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| Concrete Operational Stage |
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| The third of Piaget's stages, when a child understands conversation but still is incapable of abstract though. |
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| Piaget's final stage of cognitive development involves the development of abstract thought. |
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| Erikson's Theory of Psychological Development |
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Definition
| Erikson saw human development as a sequence of psychological stages, defined by common problems that emerge throughout life. |
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| Trust Vs. Mistrust (1st stage) |
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Definition
| during this stage you need to develop a basic sense of trust in your enviorment and in those who care for you. |
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| Autonomy vs. Self-doubt(2nd Stage) |
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Definition
| As you acquire skills in walking and talking, you expand your ability to interact with others. If you enter this stage with a good sense of trust, you will have a sense of autonomy (independence) |
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| Initiative vs. Guilt (3rd Stage) |
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Definition
| If you develop a basic sense of trust and autonomy during your preschool days then you probably enter grade school as a child who could initiate intellectual and motor tasks. |
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| Competence vs. Inferiority (4th Stage) |
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Definition
| Successful efforts in peer interaction lead to feelings of competence. |
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| Identity vs. Role confusion (5th Step) |
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| Comfortable sense of self as a person, both unique and socially accepted. |
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| Intimacy vs. Isolation (6th Step) |
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| Capacity for closeness and commitment to one another. |
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| Generativity vs. Stagnation (7th Step) |
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| Focus on concern beyond oneself, to family, society, future generations. |
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| Ego-integrity vs. Despair (8th Step) |
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| Sense of wholeness;basic satisfaction with life. |
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