Term
| Differentiate between various oral drug forms: sublingual tablet versus buccal tablet, solution versus suspension, syrup versus elixir, enteric-coated tablet versus scored tablet, and time-release capsule versus lozenge |
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Definition
- Sublingual tablet - absorbed via the mucosa under the tongue
- Buccal tablet - absorbed via the buccal mucosa in the mouth
- Solution - Liquid drug form that is clear in appearance and evenly dissolved
- Suspension - Liquid form of drug that must be shaken well before administration because the drug particles settle at the bottom; is not evenly dissolved in liquid
- Syrup - Sweetened, flavored drug form
- Elixir - Liquid drug forms with alcohol base
- Enteric coated tablet - Special coated table that resists disintegration by gastric juices
- Scored tablet - Enhance distribution of drug if it has been broken
- Time release capsule - Drug particles that have various coatings that differ in the amount of time to dissolve
- Lozenge - Tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated for local (often soothing) effect on the throat or mouth
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Term
| Explain what is meant by parenteral |
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Definition
| Any route not involving G.I. tract |
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Term
| List four classifications of drugs that are commonly given by the rectal route |
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Definition
| Sedatives, antiemetics, antipyretics, and local analgesic |
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Term
| Define the following types of injections and explain how they differ in administration and absorption rate: IV, IM, and ID |
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Definition
- IV - Injected directly into a vein. Fastest route
- IM - Injected into a muscle at a 90 degree angle to the skin. Absorption is fairly rapid
- ID - Intradermal, injected beneath the skin. Absorption is slow
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Term
| Compare the IV injections referred to as IV push, IV infusion, and IV piggyback |
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Definition
- IV Push - A small volume of drug (bolus) injected into a peripheral saline lock (PRN adapter) attached to a vein
- IV Infusion - (IV drip), a large volume of fluids often with drugs added, that infuses continually into a vein
- IV Piggyback - (IVPB), a drug diluted for intermittent infusion at specified intervals, usually q6 -8h; the diluted solution is infused (piggyback) into a port on the main IV tubing or into a rubber adapter on the IV catheter
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Term
| List and define at least eight drug forms used for topical (both dermal and mucosal) administration |
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Definition
- Cream or ointment - A semisolid preparation containing a drug. Creams and ointments are not the same as the dose differs for each
- Lotion - A liquid preparation patted, not rubbed, on the affected skin
- Liniment - Rubbed on the skin as a counter-irritant that creates a different sensation (e.g. tingling or burning) to mask pain in the skin or muscles
- Dermal Patch - Skin patch containing drug molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote consistent drug level
- Gtt - Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops; referred to as instillation of drops)
- Eye ointment - Sterile semisolid preparation, often antibiotic in nature, for ophthalmic use only
- Vaginal creams - Medicated creams, often of antibiotic or anti-fungal nature, that are to be inserted vaginally with the use of a special applicator
- Rectal and Vaginal Suppository - Drug suspended in a substance such as cocoa butter that melts at body temperature for local effect
- Douche solution - Sterile solution, often an antiseptic such as providine iodine solution and sterile water used to irrigate the vaginal canal
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Term
| Explain the advantages of administering drugs via a dermal patch |
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Definition
| Dermal patch promotes consistent drug level in blood |
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Term
| Identify various supplies used in the preparation of medications |
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Definition
| Medicine cup, metal pillcrusher/cutter, mortar/pestle, ampule, vial, needles, syringes and oral syringes |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of preparation in which the drug is supplied |
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Term
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Definition
| A very fast acting (second to IV route) and effective route for delivering humidification and/or medication directly into the respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of liquid or powder (diluted in sterile solution) delivered through intravenous |
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Term
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Definition
| The easiest and probably the cheapest for administration but not the fastest route |
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Term
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Definition
| Any route not involving G.I. tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Rectal drug forms include suppository and enema solution and usually used if patient is NPO or cannot swallow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs for dermal and mucosal application |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug molecules are present in a variety of sizes and shapes that allow for absorption through the skin at various rates |
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