Term
| The components of integumentary system |
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Definition
include the skin or cuntaneous membrane and accessory organ such as hair, nail, sebaceous (oil) gland, sudoriferous
The function of it is protection, aid in homeostasis by regulating body temperature, reveives stimuli, excretion, synthesis of Vitamin D, reservoir for blood |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical barrier: sebum(oil), skin secretion, and the pigment melanin protect against bacteria
Physical barrier:cells containing the protein ketatin provide structural and mechanical support.
Biological barrier:Langerhan's cell ingest and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis |
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Term
| aid in homeostasis by regulating body temperature |
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Definition
When the body temperature increase, blood vessel in the lower layer of the skin or demis dilate and sweat glands are stimulated to secrete sweat.
When the body temperature fall below normal, blood vessel of the dermis constrict and warm blood by passes the skin and remain deeper in the body |
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Definition
| from the external environment. Cutaneous sensory receptor react to touch, pressure,pain, heat, and cold |
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Definition
| small quantities of nitrogeneous wastes such as ammonia, uric acid, and urea are removed through sweat |
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Definition
| The Vitamin D absorbed by the blood vessels of the Dermis and transport to other parts of the body where it is used in calcium metabolism and it is required for absorption of calcium from the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| vascular system of skin contains about 5% total volume of blood |
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Term
| Integument consist two distinct layers |
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Definition
| They are epidermis and dermis. They are separate by basement membrane which is an adhesive layer composed of substances secreted by the epidermis and the dermis. It function in resisting tearing and stretching of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
In thick skin of palms of the hands, soles of the feet, fingertips, tips of the toes. It consists of five layers. The majority of body is covered with thin skin consisting of four layers.
1.stratum basale 2. stratum spinosum 3.stratum granulosum 4.stratum lucidum 5. stratum corneum
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Term
Stratum basale
(basal layer) |
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Definition
the deepest layer which rest on the basement membrane. It is composed of a single layer of column-shaped keratinocyte. Keratinocyte produce keratin and the cell push toward the surface of the skin as they undergo rapid cell division by mitosis
Melanocytes are spider-shaped cells, also are present. they produce the pigment melanin which range in color from yellow to brown to black.
Merkel cell function in light touch reception, are also present |
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Term
Stratum spinosum
(spiny layer) |
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Definition
Ketatinocyte are flattened and irregular shaped cell containing thick bundles of keratin filament called tonofilament.
Cell have tiny projection on the outer surface sometime referred to as prickle cell
Langerhan's cell are found in the greatest abundance in this stratum spinosum
Mitosis is less frequent than in stratum basale. Stratum basale and stratum spinosum sometime collectively called stratum germinativum because they produce and germinate new cells |
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Term
Stratum granulosum
(granular layer)
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Definition
It consist of three to five layers of flattened keratinocytes.
Keratinization begin in stratum granulosum.
The cell contain granules of keratohyalin and the plasma membrane of the cell thickens |
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Term
Stratum lucidum
(clear layer) |
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Definition
This layer is absent in thin layer. It consist of few layers of dead keratinocytes and form a translucent layer
Keratohylin granules become associated with tonofilaments and form keratin filbrils |
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Term
Stratum corneum
(horny layer) |
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Definition
consist of 20-30 layers of flat, dead cornified or horny cell completely filled with keratin fibrils
Stratum corneum protect the lower layer of the epidermis from water loss and chemical, physical, and biological damage.
the cell are continuously shed and replaced by cell that move up from lower layer of epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
It is located below basement membrane and it contribute to the strength and elasticity of the skin. It has a rich supply of blood vessel, nerve fibers, sense receptor, and lymphatic vessel
hair follicle, sebaceous oil gland, sudoriferous sweat gland are found in dermis, but they are produced by cells from the epidemis
It consis two layers
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
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Term
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Definition
It is a thin layer of loose areolar connective tissue containing numerous blood vessel.
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Definition
It form 80 % of the dermal layer. It composed of dense, irregularly arranged interlocking bundles of collagen and elastic fiber which gives the skin elasticity, strength, and extensibility (stretch).
Adipose tissue, hair follicles, sebaceous and glands are located between the fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Is subcutaneous layer and is not considered as part of the integument (cutaneous layer). It composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue which function in attaching the skin to muscle and the underlying organs. Adipose tissue act as insulation to reserve body heat. |
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Term
| Skin color is the result of the combination of three pigments |
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Definition
1. Melanin: yellow to brown to black pigment found in the melanocytes of stratum basale and stratum spinosum
2.Carotene: yellow to orange pigment found in stratum corneum and adipose tissue of dermis and hypodermis
3. hymoglobin: red pigment found in the small blood vesel of the dermis |
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Term
Accessory organs which are derive from the epidermis but are located in the dermis
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Definition
1. subaceous glands
2. sudoriferous glands |
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Definition
| They are oil gland which located all over the body except palms of the hand, soles of the feet. They are usually associated with hair follicles, and some open through pores in the epidermis of the skin |
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Definition
| the glands secrete an oily substance is called___. It contain fats, cholesterol, inorganic salts. It function in moisturizing hair, softening and lubricating the skin and preventing water loss from evaporation, and in destroying bacteria. |
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Definition
they are sweat glands and consist of two types based on their structure and function
1.apocrine glands
2. eccrine glands |
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Definition
| they responde to emotional stress and consist of simple, branched tubular glands. They are located on axilla, pupic region, areolae of the breasts. It open into hair follicles and secrete a thick and viscous fluid which composed of water, salts, urea, uric acid, ammonia, sugar,latic acid, proteins, and fats. |
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Definition
| they respond to evalated body temperature and consist of simple, coiled, tubular glands. They distributed throughout the body and abundant on palms, soles, and forehead. They open through pores on the surface of epidermis and they secrete watery fluid which composed of water, salts, urea, uric acid, ammonia, latic acid, Vitamin C, antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
they modified apocrine glands and consist of simple, coiled tubules located in the external auditory meatus or ear canal. ceruminous gland located below sebaceous gland and open throug pore in the epidermis of ear canal or into sebaceous ducts.
The combined secretions of subaceous glands and ceruminous glands is called cerumen. Cerumen function in blocking bacteria and other substance from entering the ear. |
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