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Definition
| One of the dead-end, multilobed air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs. |
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Definition
| A vessel that conveys blood between an artery and a capillary bed. |
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| A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body. |
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| A cardiovascular disease in which growths called plaques develop on the inner walls of the arteries, narrowing their inner diameters. |
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| atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
| A region of specialized muscle tissue between the right atrium and right ventricle. It generates electrical impulses that primarily cause the ventricles to contract. |
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| A chamber that receives blood returning to the vertebrate heart. |
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| The hydrostatic force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel. |
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| A brain center that directs the activity of organs involved in breathing. |
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Definition
| One of the fine branches of the bronchus that transport air to alveoli. |
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| One of a pair of breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs. |
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Definition
| A microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that allows exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid. |
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Definition
| The opposite flow of adjacent fluids that maximizes transfer rates; for example, blood in the gills flows in the opposite direction in which water passes over the gills, maximizing oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide loss. |
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| (1) A sheet of muscle that forms the bottom wall of the thoracic cavity in mammals; active in ventilating the lungs. (2) A dome-shaped rubber cup fitted into the upper portion of the vagina before sexual intercourse. It serves as a physical barrier to block the passage of sperm. |
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Definition
| The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. |
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Term
| electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
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Definition
| A record of the electrical impulses that travel through cardiac muscle during the heart cycle. |
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Definition
| The innermost, simple squamous layer of cells lining the blood vessels; the only constituent structure of capillaries. |
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| A red blood cell; contains hemoglobin, which functions in transporting oxygen in the circulatory system. |
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| A hormone produced in the kidney when tissues of the body do not receive enough oxygen. This hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes. |
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Definition
| The activated form of the blood-clotting protein fibrinogen, which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot. |
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Definition
| The inactive form of the plasma protein that is converted to the active form fibrin, which aggregates into threads that form the framework of a blood clot. |
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Definition
| The death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from prolonged blockage of one or more coronary arteries. |
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Definition
| A hissing sound that occurs when blood squirts backward through a leaky valve in the heart. |
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Definition
| The rate of heart contraction. |
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Definition
| A type of respiratory pigment that uses copper as its oxygen-binding component. Hemocyanin is found in the hemolymph of arthropods and many molluscs. |
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Definition
| An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. |
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Definition
| In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues. |
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Definition
| A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury. |
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Term
| high-density lipoprotein (HDL) |
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Definition
| A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An HDL particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, LDL, and may be correlated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage. |
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Definition
| Chronically high blood pressure within the arteries. |
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Definition
| The voice box, containing the vocal cords. |
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Definition
| A white blood cell; typically functions in immunity, such as phagocytosis or antibody production. |
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Term
| low-density lipoprotein (LDL) |
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Definition
| A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An LDL particle carries more cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, HDL, and high LDL levels in the blood correlate with a tendency to develop blocked blood vessels and heart disease. |
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Definition
| The colorless fluid, derived from interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrate animals. |
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Definition
| Organ located along a lymph vessel. Lymph nodes filter lymph and help attack viruses and bacteria. |
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Term
| negative pressure breathing |
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Definition
| A breathing system in which air is pulled into the lungs. |
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Definition
| The liquid matrix of blood in which the cells are suspended. |
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Definition
| A small enucleated blood cell important in blood clotting; derived from large cells in the bone marrow. |
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| positive pressure breathing |
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Definition
| A breathing system in which air is forced into the lungs. |
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Definition
| The branch of the circulatory system that supplies the lungs. |
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Definition
| A region of the heart composed of specialized muscle tissue that sets the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract. |
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Definition
| Any relatively unspecialized cell that can divide during a single division into one identical daughter cell and one more specialized daughter cell, which can undergo further differentiation. |
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Definition
| The death of nervous tissue in the brain, usually resulting from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head. |
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Definition
| The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins. |
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Definition
| The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts and the chambers pump blood. |
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Definition
| A clump of platelets and fibrin that blocks the flow of blood through a blood vessel. |
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Definition
| The windpipe; that portion of the respiratory tube that has C-shaped cartilagenous rings and passes from the larynx to two bronchi. |
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Definition
| (1) In animals, a vessel that returns blood to the heart. (2) In plants, a vascular bundle in a leaf. |
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Definition
| (1) A heart chamber that pumps blood out of a heart. (2) A space in the vertebrate brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Definition
| A vessel that conveys blood between a capillary bed and a vein. |
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