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Chapter 4
Human Populations
12
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 1
10/06/2006

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
population doubling times
Definition
70/annual % growth = doubling time
Term
Malthus
Definition
limits to growth: humans inevitably outstrip food supply and eventually collapse and are too lazy and immoral to voluntarily impose birth rates
Term
Marx
Definition
population growth is a symptom, not a root cause, of poverty and social problems - the way to eliminate population growth is through social jusice
Term
Neo-Malthusians
Definition
approaching/surpassed earth's carrying capacity and should make population issues a first priority
Term
first demographic world
Definition
less developed, poor, young, and rapidly growing: 80% of world population
Term
second demographic world
Definition
wealthy, old, and mosyling shrinking
Term
crude birth rate
Definition
number of births a year per thousand (not adjusted for population characteristics)
Term
total fertility rate
Definition
number of children born to an average woman in a population during her reproductive life
Term
life expectancy
Definition
worldwide has risen from 40 to 65.5 in past century
Term
opposing factorsL pronatalist pressures
Definition
increase desire for children: support, pleasure, pride, comfort, income, social status
Term
birth reduction pressures
Definition
women have more opportunities (higher education, more personal freedom)
Term
demographic transition
Definition
eventually, birth rates begin to fall - populations grow rapidly between death rates and birth rates falling
in developed countries, transition is complete and both death and birth rates are low and population is in equilibrium
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