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| A solid in which the constituent atoms or molecules are arranged in random or disordered positions. There is no regular order in amorphous solids. |
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| The smalles unit of an element; not divisible by ordinary chemical means. Atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons plus other subatomic particles. |
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| A bright halo observed near the border of a particle immersed in a liquid of a different refractive index. |
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| A difference in the two indices of refraction exhibited by most crystalline materials. |
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| The temperature scale using the melting point of ice as 0 degrees and the boiling point of water as 100 degrees, with 100 equal divisions or degrees between. |
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| Describes the behavior of a substance when it reacts or combines with another substance. |
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| A pure substance created by combining two or more elements. |
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| A crack in glass that forms a rough circle around the point of impact. |
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| A solid in which the constituent atoms have a regular arrangement. |
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| A physical property of matter that is equivalent to the mass per unit volume of a substance. |
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| The separation of light into its component wavelengths. |
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| The entire range of radiation energy from the most energetic cosmic rays to the least energetic radio waves. |
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| A fundamental particle of matter. An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. |
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| The temperature scale using the melting point of ice as 32 degrees and the boiling point of water as 212 degrees, with 180 equal divisions or degrees between. |
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| The number of waves that pass a given point per second. |
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| A state of matter in which the attractive forces between molecules are small enough to permit them to move with complete freedom. |
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| A property that is not dependent on the size of an object. |
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| Two sheets of ordinary glass bonded together with a plastic film. |
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| An acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; light that has all its waves pulsating in unison. |
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| A state of matter in which molecules are in contact with one another but are not rigidly held in place. |
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| A constant property of matter that reflects the amount of material present. |
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| All things of substance. Matter is composed of atoms or molecules. |
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| A chart of elements arranged in a systematic fashio. Vertical rows are called groups or families; horizontal rows are called series or periods. |
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| A uniform body of matter; different phases are separated by definite visible boundaries |
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| A small packet of electromagnetic radiation energy. Each photon contains a unit of energy equal to the product of Planck's constant and the frequency of radiation: E x hf. |
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| Describes the behavior of a substance without having to alter the substance's composition through a chemical reaction. |
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| A condition or stage in the form of matter; solid, liquid, or gas. |
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| A crack in glass that extends outward like the spoke of a wheel from the point at which the glass was struck. |
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| The bending of a light wave as it passes from one medium to another. |
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| The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a given substance. |
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| A state of matter in which the molecules are held closely together in a rigid state. |
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| A physical change from the solid state directly into the gaseous state. |
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| Glass that is strengthened by introducing stress through rapid heating and cooling of the glass surfaces. |
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| Colored light ranging from red to violet in the elctromagnetic spectrum. |
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| The distance between crests of adjacent waves. |
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| A property of matter that depends on both the mass of a substance and the effects of gravity on that mass. |
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| A high-energy, short-wavelength form of electromagnetic radiation. |
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