Term
|
Definition
| materials that must be obtained in preassembled form as cells cannot synthesize them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal whose diet is missing 1 or more essential nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic molecules required in the diet in small quantities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple, inorganic nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of breaking down food into molecules small enough to be eaten by body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestion breaks bonds with the addition of water, hydrolytic enzymes catalyze digestion of food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells take up amino acids and sugars from digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| undigested material passes out of the digestive compartment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of food by simple digestive compartments in cells without digesting the cell's cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of food outside of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestive sacs with simple openings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rhythmic waves of contraction by smooth muscles in the walls of the canal, pushes food along |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscular ring-like valves, regulate the passage of material between specialized chambers of the canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in saliva, protects mouth and lubricates food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enzyme that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen into smaller polysaccharides and the disaccharide maltose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ball of food shaped by chewing that is shaped to enter the pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilaginous flap that prevents food from entering windpipe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brings food from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in upper abdominal cavity under diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secreted by stomach, mixes with food and kills most bacteria, can digest most food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that starts hydrolysis of proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nutrient broth produced by enzymes and mixing of the swallowed food in stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates passage of chyme to intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longest section of alimentary canal, 6m long |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first part of small intestine where chyme mixes with other digestive juices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large, circular folds that line the intestinal epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single vessel of the lymphatic system inside villi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| globules that transport fats out of the intestine to other parts of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capillaries and veins that drain nutrients away from the villi converge here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the colon, a pouch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fingerlike extension of the cecum, makes minor contribution to body defense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recovers water that has entered the alimentary canal as the solvent to various digestive juices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestive wastes that become more solid as they are moved along the colon by peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where feces are stored until they can be expelled from the body |
|
|
