Term
| What is an inhibitory NT? Give an example |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an excitatory NT? Give an example |
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Definition
| Causes an EPSP; glutamate |
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Term
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Definition
| Can cause either an EPSP, IPSP, or none |
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Term
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Definition
The primary NT secreted by the efferent axons of the CNS
PNS: muscular movement
CNS: REM sleep, attentional processing, perceptual learning, memory |
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Term
| What are the two types of ACh receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nicotinic receptors; where are they located? |
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Definition
| Ionotropic; neuromuscular junctions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PNMT (brain stem); basal forebrain |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning/memory; cortex, hippocampus |
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Term
| What is the Monoamine NT and its three types? |
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Definition
| Catecholamines: dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
*Emotion, motivation, & motor functions
-creates IPSPs & EPSPs
-reward center (cocaine)
-schizophrenia, Parkinson’s |
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Term
| What are the 3 Dopamine systems? |
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Definition
| Nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, mesocortical |
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Term
| Nigrostriatal Dopamine System |
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Definition
DA neurons in substantia nigra, go to striatum
-control of movement
-Parkinson's |
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Term
| Mesolimbic Dopamine System |
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Definition
DA neurons in VTA go to the nucleus accumbens
-reinforcing effects of drugs |
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Term
| Mesocortical Dopamine System |
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Definition
DA neurons in VTA go to PFC
-form short term memories, problem solving
-schizophrenia |
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Term
| What are the 2 Dopamine receptors and where are they located? |
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Definition
D1: postsynapse
D2: pre & postsynapse (autoreceptors)
*all are metabotropic |
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Term
| What does Norepinephrine (noradrenaline; NEpi) affect? |
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Definition
Arousal, attention, mood
-ADHD |
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Term
| What does NEpi do in the PNS and CNS? |
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Definition
PNS: excitatory (sympathetic)
CNS: inhibitory OR excitatory (modulatory) |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of NEpi receptors? |
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Definition
α1: adrenergic receptors
α2: adrenergic receptors (presynaptic autoreceptors-neg. feedback)
β1: adrenergic receptors
β2: adrenergic receptors
*all are metabotropic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
NEpi system
-upper pons (tectum) |
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Term
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Definition
-hormone produced in adrenal glands
-NT in brain |
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Term
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Definition
Precursor of catecholamines
-Necessary for making dopamine (DA agonist)
-Treats Parkinson's |
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Term
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Definition
Modulatory
-involved in mood, sleep, eating, pain, psychotic behavior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The molecular building blocks of proteins |
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Term
| What are the 2 amino acid transmitters? |
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Definition
Glutamate (excitatory)
GABA (inhibitory) |
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Term
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Definition
| triggers ions that depolarize the neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| Lets Cl- in/K+ out, which hyperpolarizes the neuron |
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Term
| What are the three amino acids that are either found in the diet or from glucose? |
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Definition
| Glutamate, Aspartate, Glycine |
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Term
| Glutamate receptors: what are the 3 types of ionotropic/ 1 type of metabotropic? |
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Definition
NDMA (Ca+)
AMPA (Na+)
Kainate (Na+)
*all activated by their names
Metabotropic |
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Term
| What are the two types of GABA receptors? |
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Definition
GABA(a): ionotropic (Cl-)
GABA(b): metabotropic (K+) |
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