Term
| What is the plasma membrane? What does it do? |
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Definition
| It's the outside wrapping of a cell, and it controls what goes into and out of a cell. |
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Term
| What is the outside wrapping of a cell that controls what goes into and out of a cell called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The watery fluid filling the cell |
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Term
| What is the watery fluid filling the cell called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Small structures in a cell with specific functions |
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Term
| What are the small structures with specific functions within in a cell called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many organelles are found in a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are membranes found in cells? |
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Definition
| The outside wrapping of the cell (the plasma membrane) is part of it, but some of the organelles are made of membrane, too |
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Term
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Definition
| They are selectively permeable - some things may pass through, while others may not |
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Term
| A lot of chemical reactions or metabolism of a cell can be associated with... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two layers of the membrane made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of macromolecules that make up a membrane? |
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Definition
| Phospholipids and proteins |
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Term
| Which macromolecule makes up the bulk of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are phospholipid molecules different than triglyceride molecules? |
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Definition
| Phosphlipid molecules have only 2 fatty acid chains while triglycerides have 3 |
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Term
| What do phosphlipids have instead of a 3rd fatty acid chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effects does the phosphate group in the phosphlipid have? |
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Definition
| The phosphates have a very strong electrical charge, meaning the head will be hydrophilic while the fatty acid tails will be hydrophobic |
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Term
| What forms the membrane structure? |
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Definition
| Phospholipids and their interactions with water |
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Term
| What happens when phosholipids are added to water? |
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Definition
| They create a stable bilayer with the heads pointing out and the tails pointing in, but it is not actually chemically bonded - they just stay near each other. |
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Term
| Where are the proteins located in the membrane? |
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Definition
| Scattered among the phospholipids (like chocolate chips in a cookie). Some on the inside, some on the outside, some all the way through. |
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Term
| What are the 4 kinds of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
1. Transport proteins
2. Recognition Proteins
3.Receptor (antennae) proteins
4. Enzymes |
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Term
| What do transport proteins do? |
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Definition
| Help chemicals pass through the membrane |
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Term
| What helps chemicals pass through the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do recognition proteins do? |
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Definition
| Allows the cell to recognize which cells are yours and which are foreign (important to immune system) |
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Term
| What is unique about recognition proteins? |
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Definition
| They have a carbohydrate or sugar tail |
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Term
| What kind of protein is important to your immune system and why? |
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Definition
| The recognition cells, they identify which cells are yours and which are foreign. |
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Term
| What do receptor cells do? |
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Definition
| Monitor the chemical environment of the outside world. |
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Term
| Which proteins monitor outside of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes are related to what? What do they do? |
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Definition
| Cell metabolism. They speed up chemical reactions and pass on chemicals from one enzyme to another |
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Term
| Which proteins are related to cell metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main difference between one membrane and other? |
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Definition
| Which of the 4 membrane proteins it contains |
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Term
| What is the advantage of having many organelles in a cell? |
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Definition
| They compartmentalize the cell, meaning the cell can carry out several activities simultaneously, when they might normally have interfered with one another. |
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Term
| How an organelle is build is directly related to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest organelle in a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the control center of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does your DNA fit in the nucleus of your cell? |
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Definition
| Not in a double helix: it's combined with packaging proteins, which causes it to be wound up into smaller chemical bundles. These bundles are called Chromatin. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smaller bundle that is a portion of your DNA rolled up as well as the packaging proteins. |
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Term
| The membrane that wraps around outside the DNA is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the membrane that wraps around outside the DNA |
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Term
| Another name for the nuclear envelope is |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the pores in the nuclear envelope do? |
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Definition
| allows chemicals to move in and out of the nucleus so it can communicate chemically with the rest of the cell. |
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Term
| Why doesn't the DNA leave the nucleus through the pores in the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
| The pores are too small for the DNA to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (er)? |
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Definition
| A network of tunnels that run through the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What happens in the smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)? |
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Definition
| Cell metabolism including building fats, membranes, detoxifies chemicals, as well as dealing with calcium storage. |
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Term
| What happens in the rough ER (Endoplasmic reticulum)? |
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Definition
| It's where proteins are synthesized. |
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Term
| What is the Golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| It's a stack of membranes. |
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Term
| What are the major functions of the Golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| Temporary storage of chemicals, packaging of chemicals for export |
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Term
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Definition
| Little membrane sacs or containers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for storage, or sometimes digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Vacuoles with digestive enzymes where food is pushed to be digested. |
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Term
| What is the special vacuole where food is digested called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the part of the cell used for storage and digestion called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a contractile vacuole? |
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Definition
| It's the large central vacuole containing that plant cells have. They act as pumps, keeping the cell from swelling up. |
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Term
| What is the large central water pump vacuole in a plant cell called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A pill-shaped energy organelle that converts food into usable energy |
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Term
| What is the pill shaped energy organelle called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle has a double wrapping? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is significant about Mitochondria's wrapping? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "the powerhouse" of a cell? Why? |
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Definition
| The mitochondria, it is providing the cell with it's energy |
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Term
| Why does a mitochondria have many folds in it's membrane? |
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Definition
| So lots of enzymes associated with the membrane can exist to speed up metabolic reactions |
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Term
| What kind of cells can you find Chloroplasts in? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do chloroplasts look? |
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Definition
| Large, green, with double membrane |
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Term
| What kind of organelle is large and green with a double wrapping? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They are responsible for photosynthesis, or converting solar energy to chemical energy |
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Term
| What and where is chlorophyll found? |
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Definition
| It's the green pigment found within chloroplasts. |
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Term
| What does chlorophyll do? |
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Definition
| It takes in the sun's energy to pass on to make sugars. |
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Term
| What is the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| It's a network of proteins, filaments and microtubules throughout the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What are microtubules and what do they do? |
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Definition
| They are little hollow proteins that provide structure to the cell. |
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Term
| What does the cytoskeleton do? |
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Definition
| It provides structure to the cell and provides a place for organelles to attach |
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Term
| Where are organelles within a cell? |
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Definition
| Attached to the cytoskeleton |
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Term
| What does the organelles being attached to the cytoskeleton do for the cell? |
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Definition
| It allows the cell to move the organelles around as it needs. |
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Term
| What are Cilia and Flagella? |
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Definition
| Similar organelles that are protein based, and stick out of the cell, used for cell movement. |
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Term
| How are Cilia and Flagella different? |
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Definition
| There are many short cilia (hundreds) and only one or two long flagella. Cilia beat in unison, flagella corkscrew. |
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Term
| Plasma membranes are permeable to |
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Definition
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