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Definition
| A solution in which water is the solvent. |
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| The dissolving medium of a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the greater amount. |
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Definition
| A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the smaller amount. |
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| A solute that produces ions in solution; an electrolytic solution conducts an electric current. |
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Definition
| A substance that does not ionize in water and consequently gives a nonconducting solution. |
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Definition
| A substance that is completely ionized in solution, for example, strong acids, strong bases, and most salts. |
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Definition
| A substance that only partly ionizes in solution. |
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Definition
| A state of dynamic balance in which the rate of formation of the products of a reaction from the reactants equals the rate of formation of the reactants from the products; at equilibrium the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant. |
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Definition
| A reaction that occurs between substances in solution in which one of the products is insoluble. |
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| An insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution. |
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Definition
| The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution. |
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| exchange (metathesis) reactions |
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Definition
| A reaction between compounds that when written as a molecular equation appears to involve the exchange of ions between the two reactants. |
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Definition
| A chemical equation in which the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance. |
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Definition
| A chemical equation in which dissolved strong electrolytes (such as dissolved ionic compounds) are written as separate ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ions that go through a reaction unchanged and that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation. |
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Definition
| A chemical equation for a solution reaction in which soluble strong electrolytes are written as ions and spectator ions are omitted. |
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Definition
| A substance that is able to donate a H+ ion (a proton) and hence increases the concentration of H+(aq) when it dissolves in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that is an H+ acceptor; a base produces an excess of OH_(aq) ions when it dissolves in water. |
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Definition
| An acid that ionizes completely in water. |
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Definition
| A base that ionizes completely in water. |
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Definition
| An acid that only partly ionizes in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| A base that only partly ionizes in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction in which an acid and a base react in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts; the neutralization reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces water and a salt. |
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Definition
| An ionic compound formed by replacing one or more H+ of an acid by other cations. |
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Term
| oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction |
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Definition
| A chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of certain atoms change. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which a substance loses one or more electrons. |
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Definition
| A process in which a substance gains one or more electrons. |
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Term
| oxidation number (oxidation state) |
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Definition
| A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules; to some degree it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom. |
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Definition
| A reaction in which an element reacts with a compound, displacing an element from it. |
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Definition
| A list of metals in order of decreasing ease of oxidation. |
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Definition
| The quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution. |
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Definition
| The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution; abbreviated M. |
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Definition
| The process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated on by adding solvent. |
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Definition
| The process of reacting a solution of unknown concentration with one of known concentration (a standard solution). |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution of known concentration. |
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Definition
| The point in a titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance added to a solution to indicate by a color change the point at which the added solute has reacted with all the solute present in solution. |
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