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Chapter 4:Ancient India and China
Flashcards for Chapter 4 in Pre-AP World History in Mr. Hawkin's Class
38
History
10th Grade
09/26/2011

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Term
What was the Indus River valley called?
Definition
Harappan Civilization
Term
What civilization was the largest of the 4 ancient civilizations?
Definition
Harappan(Indus)
Term
What did people face in the Indus River valley?
Definition
unpredictable rivers, strong winds, monsoons
Term
Around what time did farming begin in the Indus River Valley?
Definition
3,200 BC
Term
The Indus River Valley Civilization is bigger than what 2 other civilizations?
Definition
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Term
How was the city organized/constructed?
Definition
on a grid with defendable citadels
Term
What was an engineering feat of the Harappans?
Definition
plumbing/sewage system
Term
Were the Harappans peaceful or warlike?
Definition
peaceful
Term
What religion are the Harappans linked to the most?
Definition
Hinduism
Term
What was a significant invention of the Harappans?
Definition
baked bricks
Term
Name the 3 theories about the end of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Definition
1.River may have changed course=a natural disaster, 2.People may have overworked the land, 3.Aryan Invasion
Term
What are some major influences of the Aryans on the Indus Valley?
Definition
Foundation of Indian religion, Language-Sanskrit, 3. Caste System
Term
Who created and preserves the world in the Hindu religion?
Definition
Brahman
Term
What are Devas?
Definition
manifestation of Brahman
Term
What religion belives in reincarnation?
Definition
Hinduism
Term
What is reincarnation?
Definition
the rebirthed life is shaped by karma
Term
What is karma?
Definition
the sum effect of one's life
Term
What is Moksha?
Definition
the ultimate goal is to escape from the cycle of rebirth
Term
What is Dharma?
Definition
the spiritual duties and obligations which help achieve moksha
Term
What are Vedas?
Definition
sacred texts of Hinduism
Term
What is Jainism?
Definition
a sect of Hinduism that believes in nonviolence, promise to tell the truth, and harm no living creature. They also avoid stealing, anger, prejudice, and gossip
Term
What is Buddism founded on?
Definition
the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama-Buddha(Enlightened One)
Term
What are the 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism?
Definition
Suffering is a part of human life, Suffering comes from people's desire for pleasure and goods, Overcoming one's desires ends suffering, and Desires can be overcome by following the Eightfold Path
Term
What is Nirvana?
Definition
the state of perfect peace
Term
What are the three traditions of Buddhism?
Definition
Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan
Term
What is Theravada?
Definition
the way of the elders
Term
What is Mahayana?
Definition
people help others find enlightenment
Term
What is Tibetan Buddhism?
Definition
use special techniques to harness nirvana
Term
What are 3 aspects of China's geography?
Definition
ocean, desert, and high mountians
Term
How did China's geography affect its growth?
Definition
it isolated China, cut off trade, and there is little cultural diffusion
Term
What are some features of the Shang Culture?
Definition
1st written records, sharp divisions between kings's nobles and peasants, Wood was used as building materials, peasants used wooden ools, magnificent bronze weapons and ceremonial vessels
Term
What are some important values of the Shang Culture?
Definition
community is more important than individuals, respect parents, emphasis on family, and oracle bones were used to consult the gods
Term
What was a major new idea that Western Zhou introduced?
Definition
the fact that the royalty got their authority from heaven
Term
What is the giving of large regions of land and privileges to a select few nobles who gave their loyalty to the king called?
Definition
Feudalism
Term
What were some accomplishments of the Western Zhou dynasty?
Definition
first coined money, improved transportation, efficiency in government because of civil servants, and first iron making
Term
When was the cross bow introduced?
Definition
during the Period of Warring States
Term
What is Confucianism?
Definition
based on the teachings of Confucius, deals with lve and respect, traditional manners, and rituals
Term
What is Daoism?
Definition
early teacher=Laozi, Dao is a limitless force that is part of all creation, balance of yin and yang, harmony is found in nature
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