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Definition
| a chemical process by which 2 molecules are joined together to make a larger, more complex, molecule, with the loss of water |
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| A reaction that breaks a bond by the addition of water. |
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| The loss of the native configuration of a protein or nucleic acid as a result of excessive heat, extremes of pH, chemical modification, or changes in solvent ionic strength or polarity that disrupt hydrophobic interactions. |
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| The subunit structure from which proteins are produced consistion of a central carbon atom with a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), a hydrogen and a side group (R group). |
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| A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. |
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| are elongated molecules in which the secondary structure (either a-helices or b-pleated sheets) forms the dominant structure. Fibrous proteins are insoluble, and play a structural or supportive role in the body, and are also involved in movement (as in muscle and ciliary proteins). |
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| a highly diverse group of proteins that are soluble and form compact spheroidal molecules in water. All have tertiary structure and some have quaternary structure in addition to secondary structure. |
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| a protein that is capable of speeding up specific chemical reations by loering the required activation energy. |
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| A molecule consistion of many joined amono acids, not as complex as a protein. |
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| an organic compound consisting of a chain or ring of carbon atoms to which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached in a ratio of aproximately 2:1; having the generalized formula CH2O. Examples include sugars starch glycogen and cellulose. |
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| A simple sugar that cannot be decomposed into smaller sugar molecules. |
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| A carbohydrate formed of two simple sugar molecules bonded covalently. |
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| A carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharide sugar subunits linked together in a long chain. Examples are glycogen starch and cellulose. |
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| Animal starch; a complex branched polysaccharide that serves as a food reserve in animals bacteria and fungi. |
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| The chief constituent of the cell wall in all green plants some algae and a few other organisms, an insoluble complex carbohydrate formed of microfibrils of glucose molecules. |
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| A saccharide polymer containing a small number of monosaccharides. |
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| a group of esters obtained from glycerol by the replacement of one, two, or three hydroxyl groups with a fatty acid: the principal constituent of adipose tissue. |
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| an ester obtained from glycerol by the esterification of two hydroxyl groups with fatty acids. |
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| An individual fat molecule composed of a glycerol and three fatty acids. |
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Definition
| long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid at one end, one of the molecules that builds lipids |
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Definition
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any of various viscous or solid materials of natural origin: characteristically lustrous, insoluble in water, and having a low softening temperature, they consist largely of esters of fatty acids |
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| A nonpolar hydrophobic organic molecule tha is insoluble in water but dissolves readily in nonpolar organic solvents. Includes fats oils waxes steroids hospholipids and carotenoids. |
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| Similar in structure to a fat but having only two fatty acids attached to the glycrol backbone with the third space linked to a phosphorylated molecule; contains a polar hydrophilic "head" and a nonpolar hydrophilic "tail" end. |
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| refer to chemical molecules that share a common chemical ring stricture. There are many that are important in health and medicine, and some that may be used as medications. Some are called hormones. Hormones are chemicals that are made in the brain, kidneys, or sex organs but carry a signal to other cells in the body to change the way that part of the body is working. |
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Definition
| A nucleoide polymer; chief types are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is double stranded and ribonucleic acid (RNA) which is typically single stranded. |
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Definition
| A single unit of nucleic acid, composed of a phosphate a five carbon sugar and a purine or a pyrimidine. |
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Definition
| A nonprotein organic molecule such as NAD that plays an accessory role in enzyme catalyzed processes, often by acting as a donor or acceptor of electrons. |
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Term
ATP
adenosine triphosphate |
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Definition
| a nucleotide found in the mitochondria of all plant and animal cells. It is the major source of energy for cellular reactions, this energy being released during its conversion to ADP. Formula: C 10 H 16 N 5 O 13 P 3 |
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Definition
| The genetic material of all organisms; composed of two complementary chains of nucleotides wound in a double helix. |
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Definition
| A class of nucleic acids characterized by the presence of the sugar ribose and the pyrimidine uracil |
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