Term
| What is an enumeration type? |
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Definition
| An enumeration type is a type whose values are defined by a list of constants of type int. If no values are declared, the identifiers are assigned consecutive values beginning with 0. |
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Term
| What is a dangling else problem? |
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Definition
It is when the compiler uses the second interpretation and will pair the one else with the second if rather than the first if. The compiler will always pair an else statement with the nearest if statement. Solution is to use braces.
Ex. Code: if ( ) { if ( ) } else { ...}
This allows the first if to be paired with the else. |
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Term
| What is the compiler's flow of thought on an if-else-if-else statement? |
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Definition
| The compiler will read each statement in order and evaluate its truth. The compiler will continue to read until it finds a true condition. If it doesn't find a true statement, no action is taken. If the statement ends only with an else statement without a preceding if then all the conditions are false. |
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Term
| What is the structure of a switch statement? |
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Definition
switch (variable being evaluated)
{
case 'input 1':
blah blah;
break;
case 'imput 2':
break;
default:
blah;
}
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Term
| What is a controlling expression? |
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Definition
| The controlling expression determines what choice of which branch is executed. It is the variable in ( ) after the reserved word 'switch'. |
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Term
| How would you implement two case labels for a switch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rule for an identifier declared in each of 2 blocks? |
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Definition
| This variable is treated as 2 different variables and any changes will only be implemented to one. |
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Term
| What is the major difference between a while loop and a do-while loop? |
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Definition
| A while loop is evaluated first and if proved to be true, executed. A do-while loop is executed one time then repeated if the while statement is true. |
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Term
What is the difference between
number = 2
a) 2 * (number++)
and
b) 2 * (++number) |
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Definition
a) This equation will output 4. The value will increment after the equation is evaluated.
b) This equation will output 6. The value will increment before the operation is implemented. |
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Term
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Definition
A for loop is a special while-like loop that is more compact. Only use for loops when the loop is controlled by one variable.
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Term
| What is the structure of a for loop? |
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Definition
The structure of a for loop is
for (initialization of variable; bool. expression;
update action).
Bool. expression is the condition to determine whether the loop should be continued. The update action, such as x++, determines how the variable is updated after every iteration. There is no semi-colon at the end. |
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Term
| What are the four ways to end a loop? |
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Definition
1. List headed by size
2. Ask before iterating
3. List ended with a sentinel value
4. Running out of input |
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