Term
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Definition
| hills dotting the ocean floor which may rise as high as 1,000 m |
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Definition
| a flat expanse at the bottom of many ocean basins |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel at 66.5 degrees S latitude |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel at 66.5 degrees N latitude |
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Term
| asthenosphere (as-THEN-uh-sfeer) |
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Definition
| the lower region of the mantle below the crust, thought to be liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| physical features of the ocean bottom such as mountain ranges, canyons, valleys, and great expanses |
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Term
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Definition
| charts of the ocean that show lines connecting points of similar depth |
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Term
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Definition
| sediments formed from the hard parts of dead organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| deposits made up of a variety of small organisms such as foraminiferans, coccolithophores and molluscs |
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Term
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Definition
| a seagoing clock that can keep accurate time |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of continents resulting from seafloor spreading |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the ocean bottom that lies beneath the neritic zone |
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Term
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Definition
| a gentle slope at the base of a steep continental slope produced by processes such as landslides |
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Term
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Definition
| the shallow, submerged extensions of continents |
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Term
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Definition
| the transition between the continental shelf and the deep floor of the ocean |
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Term
| convergent plate boundaries |
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Definition
| boundaries at trenches, where plates move toward each other and old lithosphere is destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| sediments formed from dust and debris from outer space |
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Term
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Definition
| the thinnest, coolest and outermost layer of the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| siliceous deposits beneath cold water made up primarily of the remains of sinlge-celled organisms called diatoms |
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Term
| divergent plate boundaries |
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Definition
| boundaries at midocean ridges, where plates move apart as new lithosphere is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| a circle drawn around the center of the earth perpendicular to its axis of rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| cliffs with sharp vertical drops |
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Term
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Definition
| regions which represent breaks in the earth's crust where one plate can move past the other |
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Term
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Definition
| linear regions of unusually irregular ocean bottom which may occur running perpendicular to the ridges and rises and separating sections of a ridge system |
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Term
| Global Positioning System |
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Definition
| navigational device which utilizes a system of satellites that can be used to find an exact position |
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Term
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Definition
| southern portion of Pangaea composed of Africa, India, South America, Australia and Antarctica |
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Term
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Definition
| a smaller body of water that is more or less cut off from the larger ocean or sea by land formations |
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Term
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Definition
| sediments formed by the precipitation of dissolved minerals from sea water |
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Term
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Definition
| line of longitude directly opposite the prime meridian at 180 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| chains of volcanic islands |
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Term
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Definition
| lines on a map or globe which are parallel to the equator |
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Term
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Definition
| northern portion of Pangaea composed of Europe, Asia and North America |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the crust and upper mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| lines on a map or globe which are perendicular to the equator |
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Term
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Definition
| molten material located deep in the earth's mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| the thickest layer of the earth with the greatest mass of material |
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Term
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Definition
| a two-dimensional representation of the earth's three-dimensional surface |
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Term
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Definition
| a cylindrical type of map upon which the most familiar maps are modeled |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for lines of longitude |
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Term
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Definition
| a long mountain range which forms along a crack produced by erupting magma on the ocean bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| sediment composed of clay and salt |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of distance equal to one minute of latitude |
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Term
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Definition
| the body of water in each of the major ocean basins: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the ocean bottom beyond the continental margin |
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Term
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Definition
| new crust formed from cooling magma along a midocean ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| a sediment in an area where more than 30% of the sediment is made up of fine biogenous particles |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds formed when free oxygen combines with other elements |
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Term
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Definition
| single supercontinent from which other continents developed, according to Alfred Wegener |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for lines of latitude |
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Term
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Definition
| a chart that uses perspective drawing, coloring, or shading, instead of lines, to show th evarying depths of the oceans |
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Term
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Definition
| line of longitude extending from the North Pole to the South Pole, passing through the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England |
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Term
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Definition
| thriving communities of marine organisms that depend on the specialized environments fuond at divergence zones in the ocean floor |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of high volcanic activity running along the length of a portion of the mountain crests of a ridge system |
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Term
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Definition
| a body of salt water that is smaller than an ocean an dis more or less landlocked |
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Term
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Definition
| a lateral movement of the crust beneath the ocean |
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Term
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Definition
| a steep-sided formation that rises sharply from the ocean bottom, formed by an underwater volcano |
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Term
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Definition
| seafloor coating composed of loose particles of both inorganic and organic material |
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Term
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Definition
| an instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the North Star with respect to the horizon |
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Term
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Definition
| an abrupt change in the landscape at the point where the continental shelf ends and the continental slope begins |
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Term
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Definition
| deposits beneath tropical waters made up of single-celled organisms called radiolarians |
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Term
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Definition
| features similar to canyons on land found on some continental slopes |
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Term
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Definition
| sediments that come from land and are washed into the sea |
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Term
| theory of plate tectonics |
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Definition
| theory combining all of the information concerning the movement of the earth's crust |
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Term
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Definition
| a special kind of fault that is found in section sof the midocean ridge, in which each side is formed by a different plate, and these plates are moving away from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel at 23.5 degrees N latitude |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel at 23.5 degrees S latitude |
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Term
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Definition
| swift avalanches of sediment and water that erode a slope as they sweep down and pick up speed |
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Term
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Definition
| a continous mass of water that covers most of the planet |
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