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Definition
| a junction where information is tranmitted from one neuron to the next; they depend on chemical messengers |
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Definition
a chemical that transmitts information from one neuron to another
stored in small sacs within terminal buttons called synaptic vesicles
they are released when a vesicle fuses with the membrane of the presynaptic cell and its contents spill into the synaptic cleft
after their release, they diffuse across the synaptic cleft to the membrane of the recieving cell. |
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Definition
a neurotransmitter that is released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal and memory
some of the receptors are stimulated by nicotine |
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Definition
resemble opiate drugs in structure and effect
contribute to pain relief and perhaps to some pleasureable emotions |
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Definition
individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate and transmit information
basic links that permit communication in nervous system |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
made up of all of the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord
divided into two parts: the Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems |
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Definition
made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors
part of the Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
made up the nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands
part of the Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
branch of the autonomic nervous sytem that mobilizes the body's resources for emergency
fight or flight |
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Definition
electroencephalograph
device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp
"brain waves" |
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| Split-brain operation/surgery |
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Definition
| a procedure in which the bundle of fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres ( the Corpus Callosum) is cut to reduce the severity of epileptic seizures |
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| Broca was a french surgeon who discovered that the production of speech is controlled by the LEFT side of the FRONTAL LOBE , this is Broca's area |
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Definition
a structure of the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex
relay center for cortex;handles incoming and outgoing signals
made up of clusters of cell bodies or somas; and each cluster is responsible for relaying sensory information to a particular part of the cortex |
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Definition
a loosely connected network of structures located roughly along the border between the cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas
scientists disgree which parts of the brain should be included
involved in the regulation of emotion, memory and motivation |
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consists of glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily functioning
messengers that comminicate in this system are calle hormones
second communication system of our bodies after the nervous system |
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Definition
the division of the brain into two halves; the left and right
one side controls language and the other regulates perception and motor skills |
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the brain has the ability to function under distress and to recover from trauma and damage
especially the young have this capability |
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computerized tomography scan
a computer enhanced X-ray of the brain; multiple X-rays are shot from many different angles of the brain and the computer combines the images to create a vivid image of a horizontal slice of the brain |
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Definition
positron emmision tomography scan
unlike CT scans they can examine brain function, mapping activity over time
radioactively charged chemicals are introduced into the brain and serve as markers of blood flow or metabolic activity that can be detected by X-ray |
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Definition
the right and left halves of the cerebrum that are seperated in the center of the brain by a longitudinal fissure that runs from the front to the back of the brain
each hemisphere is divided into four parts called lobes |
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Definition
the structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres;communication bridge made up of fibers
if severed, the right and left halves of the brain cannnot communicate |
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Definition
involves detroying a peice of the brain
usually done is animals only these days
an electrode is inserted into a brain structure and it passes a high-frequency electric current through it to burn the tissue and disable the structure |
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| What is the first and most important division of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| the central nervous system & the peripheral nervous system |
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| What are the nerve fibers that make up the somatic nervous system and their functions? |
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Definition
Afferent (incoming)
Efferent (outgoing) |
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| What are the subdivions of the autonomic nervous system and their functions? |
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Definition
the sympathetic division (mobilizes the body's reasources for emergencies)
& the parasympathetic division (conserves the bodily resources;energy storage) |
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| List 5 common neurotransmitters |
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Definition
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
GABA
Endorphins |
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Definition
released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
contributes to the regulation of attentions, arousal, and memory
some are stimluated by nicotine |
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Term
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Definition
contributes to control of voluntary movement, pleasuable emotions
decreased levels associated with Parkinson's
overactivity and DA synapes associated with schixophrenia
cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at DA synapses |
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Definition
contributes to modulation of mood and arousal
cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at NE synapses |
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Definition
contributes to modulation of mood and arousal
cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at NE synapses |
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Definition
involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating agression
abnormal levels may contribute to depression and obsesive compulsive disorder
prozac and similar antidepressant drugs affect serotonin circuits |
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Definition
serves as widely distributed inhibitory transmitter
valium and similar anxiety drugs work at the GABA synapses |
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Definition
contributes to pain relief and perhaps to some pleasureable emotions
resemble opiate drugs in structure and effect |
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