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| A centralized governmental system in which ultimate governmental authority rests in the hands of the national, or central government. |
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| A system of a league of independent states, in which the central government created by the league has only limited powers over the states. |
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| Powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitional. the first seventeen clauses of Article I, Section 8, specify most of the enumerated or expressed , powers of the national government. |
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| Elastic Clause or Necessary and Proper Clause |
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| The clause in Article Im, Seciton 8, that grants congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers. |
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| The authority to legislate for the protection of the health, morals, safety and welfare of the people. In the United States, most police power is reserved to the states. |
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| Powers held jointly by the national and state governments. |
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| the constitutional provision that makes the constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws. |
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| The section of the Constitution in which Congress I given the power to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries. |
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| A model of federalism that looks on national and state governments as co-equal sovereign powers. Neither the state government nor the national government should interfere in the other's sphere. |
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| A model of federalism in which the states and the national government cooperate in solving problems. |
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| The transfer of powers from a national or central government to a state or local government. |
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| A federal grant to a state or local government for a specific program or project. |
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| A federal grant that provides funds to a state or local government for a general functional area, such as criminal justice or mental-health programs. |
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| Having to do with government revenues and expenditures. |
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| A process by which fundraised through taxation or borrowing by one level of government usually the national government) are spent by another level (state or local) . |
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| A requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules. |
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