Term
Cell Membrane
(aka Plasma Membrane)
"The Fence" |
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Definition
-Membrane composed of protein and lipid molecules
- Extremely thin, flexible & somewhat elastic
-Maintains integrity of cell and controls passage of materials into and out of cell
-Selectively Permeable (only certain substances can enter or leave cell) |
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Term
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Definition
-Composed mainly of lipids and proteins
- Basic framework is a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipd molecules
-the "heads" form the surgace, and the "tails" point inward and are water-insoluble fatty acids. |
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Term
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Definition
-gel like material in which organelles are suspended- makes up most of the cell volume
-Consits of clear liquid called cytosol
-Cytoskeleton- "cell skeleton" made up of protein rods and tubules |
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Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Regulating traffic) |
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Definition
- Complex organelle composed of membrane-bounded, flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled bubble like sacs called vesicles.
-Provides a vast network that transports molecules from one part of the cell to another |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
-The ER's outer membrane studded with ribosomes
-Functions in proetin synthesis |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
-ER lacking ribosomes
-Contains enzymes important in lipid synthesis (absorbtion of fats from the digestive tracts) |
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Term
Ribosomes
(Protein Manufacturer) |
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Definition
-Where protein synthesis occurs
-attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
-Clusters of ribosomes are called polysomes
-Composed of RNA and protein Molecules
-Provide enzymatic activity as well as a structural support for the RNA molecules that come together as the cell links amino acids to form proteins |
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Term
Golgi Apparatus
(Assembly line/Mail room) |
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Definition
-A stack of about six flattened membranous sacs
-Refines, Packages and transports proteins synthesized on ribosoes associated with the ER |
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Term
Mitochondria
(Power House) |
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Definition
-Elongated, fluid filled sacs, varying in size and shape
-Has an inner and outer layer
-Major sites of chemical reactions that capture and store this energy within the chemical bonds of ATP |
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Term
Lysosomes
(Garbage disposals) |
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Definition
-Tiny membranous sacs that contain powerful enzymes that break down nutrient molecules or foreign particles.
-Also destroys worn cellular parts |
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Term
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Definition
-In liver & kidney cells
-houses enzymes that catalyze a variery of biochemical reactions- including synthesis of bile acids |
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Term
| Microfilaments & Microtubules |
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Definition
-Types of thin, threaslike strands within the cytoplasm.
-They form the cytoskeleton
-Microfilaments: tiny rods of actin protein that form bundles- providing cell movement
-Microtubules- long, slender tubes- composed of molecules of a globylar protein called tubulin, attached in a spiral to form a long tube |
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Term
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Definition
Structure near golgi apparatus and nucleus.
-Nonmembranous and consists of two hollow cylinders called centrioles
-During mitosis- the centrioles distribute chromosomes to newly forming cells |
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Term
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Definition
-Motile structures that extend from surface of a certain cells
-Forms in precise patterns, move in "to and fro" manner
-Moves in wave-like mannder moving fluids such as mucous |
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Term
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Definition
-Only found on Sperm
-Wave-like motion to make it "swim" |
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Term
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Definition
| -Membranous sacs formed by part of the cell membrane folding inwards and pinching off |
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Term
Nucleus
(Congress/Control Center) |
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Definition
| -houses the DNA which directs all cell activities |
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Term
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Definition
-Nuclear Envelope: double-layered, roughly spherical, consiting of inner and outer layers
-Nucleolus: "Little nucleus", composed largely of RNA, NO surrounding membrane
-Chromatin: loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein that condense to form chromosomes |
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