Term
|
Definition
A process of reasoned inquiry
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the Toulmin model, this consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Also called an assertion or a proposition, this states the argument's main idea or position.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Asserts that something is true or not true. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
argues that something is good or bad, right or
wrong. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| introduces the reader to the subject |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usually the major part of the text, this includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
addresses the counterargument
a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brings the essay to a satisfying close |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it is from personl experience, observations, or general knowledge of events. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "to lead into" - a logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers- for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, census information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives voice to possible objections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is accessed through research, reading, and investigation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essentially a syllogism with one of the premises implied, and taken for granted as understood |
|
|
